Ndemanga
M'zaka zaposachedwa, China ndi mayiko ena adayika ndalama zambiri pakufufuza ndi kupanga luso laukadaulo wowonetsera. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe aukadaulo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pachikhalidwe cha LCD (chiwonetsero cha kristalo chamadzi) kupita kukukula msanga kwa OLED (organic light-emitting diode) ndi ma QLED omwe akutuluka (quantum-dot light-emitting diode), akupikisana pakuwongolera msika. Pakati pa mikangano ya trivium, OLED, mothandizidwa ndi lingaliro la mtsogoleri waukadaulo Apple kugwiritsa ntchito OLED pa iPhone X yake, ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi malo abwinoko, komabe QLED, ngakhale ikadali ndi zopinga zaukadaulo zomwe ikuyenera kuthana nazo, yawonetsa mwayi womwe ungakhalepo pamtundu wamtundu, mtengo wotsika wopanga. ndi moyo wautali.
Ndi teknoloji iti yomwe idzapambane mpikisano wotentha? Kodi opanga ku China ndi mabungwe ofufuza adakonzekera bwanji kuti awonetse ukadaulo wowonetsera? Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zilimbikitse kutsogola kwa China ndikulimbikitsa kupikisana kwake padziko lonse lapansi? Pamsonkhano wapaintaneti womwe unakonzedwa ndi National Science Review, mkonzi wake wamkulu, Dongyuan Zhao, adafunsa akatswiri anayi otsogola ndi asayansi ku China.
kukwera kwa OLED VUTO LCD
Zhao: Tonse tikudziwa kuti matekinoloje owonetsera ndi ofunika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, pali matekinoloje a OLED, QLED ndi achikhalidwe a LCD omwe akupikisana wina ndi mnzake. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani ndi ubwino wake? Kodi tiyambe kuchokera ku OLED?
Huang: OLED yakula mwachangu kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndi bwino kufananiza ndi LCD yachikhalidwe ngati tikufuna kumvetsetsa bwino za makhalidwe ake. Pankhani yamapangidwe, LCD imakhala ndi magawo atatu: backlight, TFT backplane ndi cell, kapena gawo lamadzi kuti liwonetsedwe. Osiyana ndi LCD, OLED magetsi mwachindunji ndi magetsi. Chifukwa chake, sichifunikira kuwala kwambuyo, koma imafunikirabe ndege yakumbuyo ya TFT kuti iwunikire komwe ingayikire. Chifukwa ilibe kuwala kwapambuyo, OLED ili ndi thupi lochepa thupi, nthawi yoyankhira yapamwamba, kusiyana kwamtundu wapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Mwachidziwikire, itha kukhala ndi mwayi wokwera mtengo kuposa LCD. Kupambana kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe ake osinthika, omwe amawoneka ovuta kwambiri kuti akwaniritse LCD.
Liao: Kwenikweni, panali mitundu yambiri yowonetsera, monga CRT (chubu cha cathode ray), PDP (mawonekedwe a plasma), LCD, LCOS (makhiristo amadzi pa silicon), chiwonetsero cha laser, LED (ma diode otulutsa kuwala ), SED (chiwonetsero cha electron-emitter), FED (mawonekedwe a emission), OLED, QLED ndi Micro LED. Kuchokera pamawonedwe aukadaulo waukadaulo, Micro LED ndi QLED zitha kuganiziridwa ngati gawo loyambira, OLED ili mugawo lakukula, LCD yamakompyuta ndi TV ili pamlingo wakukhwima, koma LCD yamafoni am'manja ili pagawo lochepa, PDP ndi CRT ali mu gawo lochotsa. Tsopano, zinthu za LCD zikulamulirabe msika wowonetsera pomwe OLED ikulowa pamsika. Monga tafotokozera Dr Huang, OLED ilidi ndi zabwino zina kuposa LCD.
Huang : Ngakhale zili zabwino zaukadaulo za OLED pa LCD, sizowongoka kuti OLED ilowe m'malo mwa LCD. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti OLED ndi LCD onse amagwiritsa ntchito TFT backplane, TFT ya OLED ndiyovuta kwambiri kupanga kuposa ya LCD yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi chifukwa OLED imayenda pakali pano. Nthawi zambiri, zovuta zopanga ukadaulo wowonetsera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu, omwe ndizovuta zasayansi, zovuta zaumisiri ndi zovuta kupanga. Njira ndi njira zothetsera mavuto atatuwa ndizosiyana.
Pakadali pano, LCD yakhala yokhwima, pomwe OLED ikadali koyambirira kwa kuphulika kwa mafakitale. Kwa OLED, pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zikuyenera kuthetsedwa, makamaka zovuta zopanga zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa pang'onopang'ono popanga mzere wopangira zinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwonetsero zazikulu za LCD ndi OLED ndizokwera kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi kukula koyambirira kwa LCD zaka zambiri zapitazo, kupita patsogolo kwa OLED kwakhala kofulumira.
M'kanthawi kochepa, OLED silingapikisane ndi LCD pazithunzi zazikulu, nanga bwanji kuti anthu asinthe chizolowezi chawo chosiya kugwiritsa ntchito skrini yayikulu?
— Jun Xu
Liao: Ndikufuna kuwonjezera zina. Malinga ndi alangizi a HIS Markit, mu 2018, msika wapadziko lonse wazinthu za OLED udzakhala US $ 38.5 biliyoni. Koma mu 2020, ifika $ 67 biliyoni, ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 46%. Kuneneratu kwina kukuwonetsa kuti OLED imapanga 33% ya malonda ogulitsa msika, ndi 67% yotsalira ndi LCD mu 2018. Koma gawo la msika la OLED likhoza kufika ku 54% mu 2020.
Huang: Ngakhale magwero osiyanasiyana angakhale ndi kulosera kosiyana, ubwino wa OLED pa LCD pazithunzi zazing'ono ndi zapakati ndizoonekeratu. Pazenera laling'ono, monga wotchi yanzeru ndi foni yanzeru, kuchuluka kwa OLED kumakhala pafupifupi 20% mpaka 30%, zomwe zimayimira mpikisano wina. Pazenera lalikulu, monga TV, kupita patsogolo kwa OLED [motsutsana ndi LCD] kungafunike nthawi yochulukirapo.
LCD IMANANISO BWINO
Xu: LCD idaperekedwa koyamba mu 1968. Panthawi yachitukuko, teknoloji yagonjetsa pang'onopang'ono zofooka zake ndikugonjetsa matekinoloje ena. Kodi zolakwika zake zotsalira ndi zotani? Ambiri amadziwika kuti LCD ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zisinthe. Kuonjezera apo, LCD sichitulutsa kuwala, kotero kuwala kwambuyo kumafunika. Kachitidwe kaukadaulo wowonetsera ndi kopepuka komanso kocheperako (chowonekera).
Koma pakali pano, LCD ndi yokhwima kwambiri komanso yachuma. Imaposa OLED, ndipo mawonekedwe ake azithunzi ndi mawonekedwe ake samatsalira. Pakadali pano, chandamale chachikulu chaukadaulo wa LCD ndi chiwonetsero chokwera mitu (HMD), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuyesetsa kukonza zowonetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, OLED pakadali pano ndiyoyenera zowonera zapakatikati ndi zazing'ono, koma chophimba chachikulu chiyenera kudalira LCD. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampaniwa akusungabe ndalama mumzere wopangira 10.5th (wa LCD).
Zhao: Kodi mukuganiza kuti LCD idzasinthidwa ndi OLED kapena QLED?
Xu: Ngakhale takhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe owonda kwambiri komanso osinthika a OLED , tifunikanso kusanthula kuperewera kwa OLED. Ndi zinthu zowunikira kukhala organic, moyo wake wowonetsera ukhoza kukhala wamfupi. LCD itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta kwa maola 100 000. Njira ina yodzitchinjiriza ya LCD ndikupanga zenera losinthika kuti lithane ndi mawonekedwe osinthika a OLED. Koma ndizowona kuti nkhawa zazikulu zilipo mumakampani a LCD.
Makampani a LCD amathanso kuyesa njira zina (zotsutsa). Ndife opindulitsa pazenera lalikulu, koma bwanji zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake? M'kanthawi kochepa, OLED silingapikisane ndi LCD pazithunzi zazikulu, nanga bwanji kuti anthu asinthe chizolowezi chawo chosiya kugwiritsa ntchito skrini yayikulu? Anthu sangawonere TV ndipo amangotenga zowonera.
Akatswiri ena ogwira ntchito ku bungwe lofufuza za msika la CCID (China Center for Information Industry Development) ananeneratu kuti m'zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, OLED idzakhala yamphamvu kwambiri pazithunzi zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono. Mofananamo, mkulu wa bungwe la BOE Technology adanena kuti patatha zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, OLED idzalemera kapena kupitirira LCD m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma kuti agwire LCD, pangafunike zaka 10 mpaka 15.
MICRO LED IKUPHUNZIRA MONGA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA INA
Xu: Kupatula LCD, Micro LED (Micro Light-Emitting Diode Display) yakhala ikusintha kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale chidwi chenicheni cha anthu panjira yowonetsera sichinadzuke mpaka Meyi 2014 pomwe Apple idapeza wopanga Micro LED US LuxVue Technology. Zikuyembekezeka kuti Micro LED igwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zovala za digito kuti zithandizire kuwongolera moyo wa batri ndi kuwala kwa skrini.
Micro LED, yotchedwanso mLED kapena μLED, ndiukadaulo watsopano wowonetsera. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotchedwa ukadaulo wosinthira misa, zowonetsera za Micro LED zimakhala ndi ma LED ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga ma pixel amtundu uliwonse. Itha kupereka kusiyanitsa kwabwinoko, nthawi zoyankhira, kusanja kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi OLED, ili ndi kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso moyo wautali, koma mawonekedwe ake osinthika ndi otsika kuposa OLED. Poyerekeza ndi LCD, Micro LED ili ndi kusiyana kwabwinoko, nthawi yoyankha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Imaonedwa kuti ndiyoyenera kuvala, AR/VR, chiwonetsero chamagalimoto ndi mini-projector.
Komabe, Micro LED ikadali ndi zopinga zaukadaulo mu epitaxy, kusamutsa misa, mayendedwe oyendetsa, kupaka utoto kwathunthu, kuwunika ndi kukonza. Ilinso ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri wopanga. Mwachidule, sichingapikisane ndi LCD yachikhalidwe. Koma monga m'badwo watsopano waukadaulo wowonetsera pambuyo pa LCD ndi OLED, Micro LED yalandira chidwi chachikulu ndipo ikuyenera kusangalala ndi malonda achangu pazaka zitatu kapena zisanu zikubwerazi.
QUANTUM DOT ALOWA Mpikisano
Peng: Imafika pamadontho a quantum. Choyamba, QLED TV pamsika lero ndi lingaliro lolakwika. Madontho a Quantum ndi gulu la ma semiconductor nanocrystals, omwe kutalika kwawo kwa mafunde kumatha kusinthidwa mosalekeza chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa quantum confinement effect. Chifukwa ndi makhiristo achilengedwe, madontho a quantum pazida zowonetsera amakhala okhazikika. Komanso, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo amtundu wa crystalline, mtundu wa madontho a quantum ukhoza kukhala woyera kwambiri, womwe umawonetsa mtundu wa zida zowonetsera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, madontho a quantum monga zida zotulutsa kuwala amalumikizana ndi OLED ndi LCD. Ma TV otchedwa QLED TV omwe ali pamsika kwenikweni ndi ma TV a LCD omwe ali ndi madontho ambiri, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madontho amtundu kuti alowe m'malo mwa ma phosphor obiriwira ndi ofiira mugawo lakumbuyo la LCD. Pochita izi, mawonedwe a LCD amawongolera kwambiri kuyera kwamitundu, mawonekedwe azithunzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Njira zogwirira ntchito za madontho a quantum mu zowonetsera zowonjezeredwa za LCD ndi photoluminescence yawo.
Paubwenzi wake ndi OLED, quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) mwanjira ina imatha kuwonedwa ngati zida za electroluminescence posintha zinthu zotulutsa mpweya mu OLED. Ngakhale QLED ndi OLED zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, amakhalanso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Mofanana ndi LCD yokhala ndi quantum-dot backlighting unit, mtundu wa mtundu wa QLED ndi wotakata kwambiri kuposa wa OLED ndipo ndiwokhazikika kuposa OLED.
Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakati pa OLED ndi QLED ndiukadaulo wawo wopanga. OLED imadalira njira yolondola kwambiri yotchedwa vacuum evaporation yokhala ndi chigoba chokwera kwambiri. QLED singapangidwe motere chifukwa madontho a quantum monga ma nanocrystals a inorganic ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti asungunuke. Ngati QLED imapangidwa mwamalonda, iyenera kusindikizidwa ndikusinthidwa ndiukadaulo wotengera mayankho. Mutha kuziwona ngati zofooka, popeza zida zamagetsi zosindikizira pano sizolondola kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi vacuum. Komabe, kukonza kotengera mayankho kumathanso kuonedwa ngati mwayi, chifukwa ngati vuto lopanga litatha, limakhala lotsika kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi vacuum womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku OLED. Popanda kuganizira za TFT, kuyika ndalama mumzere wopangira OLED nthawi zambiri kumawononga mabiliyoni a yuan koma ndalama za QLED zitha kuchepera 90-95%.
Popeza ukadaulo wosindikizira ndi wotsika kwambiri, QLED idzakhala yovuta kufikira 300 PPI (ma pixel pa inchi) pakangopita zaka zingapo. Chifukwa chake, QLED sitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonetsa zazing'ono pakadali pano ndipo kuthekera kwake zikhala zapakati mpaka zazikulu.
Zhao: Madontho a Quantum ndi nanocrystal, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amayenera kupitsidwanso ndi organic ligands kuti akhazikike komanso kugwira ntchito. Kodi kuthetsa vutoli? Chachiwiri, kodi kupanga malonda a madontho a quantum kufika pamakampani?
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Mafunso abwino. Ligand chemistry ya madontho a quantum yakula mwachangu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi. Kukhazikika kwa Colloidal kwa nanocrystals inorganic kuyenera kunenedwa kuti kuthetsedwa. Tinanena mu 2016 kuti gramu imodzi ya madontho a quantum imatha kumwazikana mokhazikika mu mililita imodzi ya organic solution, yomwe ndiyokwanira kusindikiza ukadaulo. Pafunso lachiwiri, makampani angapo akwanitsa kupanga madontho a quantum. Pakadali pano, voliyumu yonseyi yopangirayi imapangidwira kupanga mayunitsi owunikiranso a LCD. Amakhulupirira kuti ma TV onse apamwamba ochokera ku Samsung mu 2017 onse ndi ma TV a LCD okhala ndi ma quantum-dot backlighting unit. Kuphatikiza apo, Nanosys ku United States ikupanganso madontho ochulukirapo a ma TV a LCD. NajingTech ku Hangzhou, China ikuwonetsa kuthekera kopanga kuthandizira opanga ma TV aku China. Kudziwa kwanga, NajingTech ikukhazikitsa njira yopangira ma TV amtundu wa 10 miliyoni okhala ndi mayunitsi a quantum-dot backlighting pachaka.
Zofuna zapano zaku China sizingakwaniritsidwe kwathunthu kuchokera kumakampani akunja. M'pofunikanso kukwaniritsa zofuna za msika wapakhomo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake China iyenera kukulitsa luso lake lopanga OLED.
—Liangsheng Liao
Opikisana A CHINA MU Msika Wowonetsera
Zhao: Makampani aku South Korea ayika ndalama zambiri ku OLED. Chifukwa chiyani? Kodi dziko la China lingaphunzire chiyani pa zomwe adakumana nazo?
Huang: Kutengera kumvetsetsa kwanga kwa Samsung, wosewera waku Korea wotsogola pamsika wa OLED, sitinganene kuti anali ndi zowoneratu pachiyambi pomwe. Samsung inayamba kugulitsa AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, mtundu waukulu wa OLED womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani owonetsera) pafupifupi 2003, ndipo sanazindikire kupanga kwakukulu mpaka 2007. Kupanga kwake kwa OLED kunapindula mu 2010. Kuyambira pamenepo , Samsung pang'onopang'ono idapeza mwayi wolamulira msika.
Chifukwa chake, poyambirira, OLED inali imodzi mwa njira zingapo zaukadaulo za Samsung. Koma pang'onopang'ono, idapeza mwayi pamsika ndipo idakonda kuisamalira pokulitsa mphamvu zake zopangira.
Chifukwa china ndi zofuna za makasitomala. Apple yadziletsa kugwiritsa ntchito OLED kwa zaka zingapo chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mikangano ya patent ndi Samsung. Koma Apple itayamba kugwiritsa ntchito OLED pa iPhone X yake, idakhudza kwambiri makampani onse. Chifukwa chake Samsung idayamba kukolola ndalama zomwe idapeza m'mundamo ndikuyamba kukulitsa kuchuluka kwake.
Komanso, Samsung yakhala ikugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kuyesetsa kupanga mapangidwe azinthu. Zaka makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu zapitazo, Japan inali ndi mndandanda wazinthu zonse zowonetsera. Koma kuyambira pomwe Samsung idalowa m'munda nthawi imeneyo, yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kulima makampani aku Korea kumtunda ndi kumtunda. Tsopano opanga Republic of Korea (ROK) anayamba kutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika.
Liao: South Korea kuphatikiza Samsung ndi LG Electronics awongolera 90% yapadziko lonse lapansi mapanelo apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono a OLED. Popeza Apple idayamba kugula mapanelo a OLED kuchokera ku Samsung pazogulitsa zake zam'manja, panalibenso mapanelo okwanira otumizira ku China. Chifukwa chake, zomwe aku China akufuna pakadali pano sizingakhutitsidwe kwathunthu ndi makampani akunja. Kumbali inayi, chifukwa China ili ndi msika waukulu wama foni am'manja, zingafunike kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna kudzera m'nyumba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake China iyenera kukulitsa luso lake lopanga OLED.
Huang: Kufunika kopanga LCD ku China ndikokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Poyerekeza ndi gawo loyambirira la chitukuko cha LCD, chikhalidwe cha China mu OLED chasintha kwambiri. Popanga LCD, China idatengera njira yoyambira-mayamwidwe-kukonzanso. Tsopano kwa OLED, tili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwazatsopano zodziyimira pawokha.
Kodi ubwino wathu uli kuti? Choyamba ndi msika waukulu komanso kumvetsetsa kwathu zofuna za makasitomala (apakhomo).
Ndiye ndi kukula kwa chuma cha anthu. Fakitale imodzi yayikulu idzapanga ntchito masauzande angapo, ndipo idzasonkhanitsa gulu lonse lopanga, lophatikiza antchito masauzande ambiri. Zofunikira popereka mainjiniya ndi ogwira ntchito aluso zitha kukwaniritsidwa ku China.
Ubwino wachitatu ndi zothandizira dziko. Boma lathandizira kwambiri ndipo luso laukadaulo la opanga likupita patsogolo. Ndikuganiza kuti opanga aku China adzakhala ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu OLED.
Ngakhale sitinganene kuti zabwino zathu zimapambana pa ROK, komwe Samsung ndi LG zakhala zikulamulira ntchitoyi kwa zaka zambiri, tapindula kwambiri pakupanga zinthu ndi zigawo za OLED. Tilinso mkulu mlingo wa luso mu ndondomeko luso ndi mapangidwe. Tili kale ndi opanga angapo akuluakulu, monga Visionox, BOE, EDO ndi Tianma, omwe ali ndi nkhokwe zazikulu zaukadaulo.
MWAYI WOPANDA CHINA KULAMULIRA QLED?
Zhao: Kodi luso lodziyimira pawokha la China kapena luso lofananiza laukadaulo mu QLED ndi chiyani?
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito madontho a quantum kuti awonetsedwe, zomwe ndi photoluminescence pakuwunikira kumbuyo.
Kwa QLED, magawo atatu a chitukuko chaukadaulo [kuchokera ku nkhani ya sayansi kupita ku uinjiniya komanso pomaliza mpaka kupanga zinthu zambiri] adasakanizidwa nthawi imodzi. Ngati wina akufuna kuti apambane mpikisano, m'pofunika kuyika ndalama pazigawo zonse zitatu.
— Xiaogang Peng
mayunitsi a LCD ndi electroluminescence mu QLED. Pamapulogalamu a photoluminescence, fungulo ndi zida za quantum-dot. China ili ndi maubwino owoneka muzinthu zamadontho a quantum.
Nditabwerera ku China, NajingTech (yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Peng) idagula ma patent onse omwe ndidapanga ku United States mololedwa ndi boma la US. Ma Patent awa amaphimba matekinoloje oyambira komanso maukadaulo a madontho a quantum. NajingTech yakhazikitsa kale kuthekera kopanga madontho a quantum. Poyerekeza, Korea-yoyimiridwa ndi Samsung-ndiye kampani yomwe ikutsogolera pazochitika zonse zamakampani owonetsera, yomwe imapereka ubwino waukulu pa malonda a quantum-dot displays. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2016, Samsung idapeza QD Vision (wopanga ukadaulo wotsogola wa quantum-dot wokhala ku United States). Kuphatikiza apo, Samsung yayika ndalama zambiri pogula ma patent okhudzana ndi madontho komanso kupanga ukadaulo.
China ikutsogola padziko lonse lapansi mu electroluminescence pakadali pano. M'malo mwake, inali 2014 Nature yofalitsidwa ndi gulu la asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Zhejiang yomwe inatsimikizira kuti QLED ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowonetsera. Komabe, sizikudziwikabe kuti ndani akhale wopambana pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa electroluminescence. Kugulitsa kwa China muukadaulo wa quantum-dot kumatsalira kwambiri ku US ndi ROK. Kwenikweni, kafukufuku wamadontho ambiri adakhazikika ku US m'mbiri yake yambiri, ndipo osewera aku South Korea nawonso adayika ndalama zambiri kuderali.
Kwa electroluminescence, ndizotheka kukhala ndi OLED kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, pawindo laling'ono, kusintha kwa QLED kumakhala kochepa ndi luso losindikiza.
Zhao: Kodi mukuganiza kuti QLED idzakhala ndi zabwino kuposa OLED pamtengo kapena kupanga zochuluka? Kodi idzakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa LCD?
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Ngati electroluminescence ingapezeke bwino ndi kusindikiza, idzakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndi mtengo wa 1/10 wa OLED. Opanga ngati NajingTech ndi BOE ku China awonetsa zosindikizira zokhala ndi madontho a quantum. Pakadali pano, QLED sichipikisana ndi OLED mwachindunji, chifukwa cha msika wake pawindo laling'ono. Kalekale, Dr. Huang anatchula magawo atatu a chitukuko chaukadaulo, kuchokera ku nkhani ya sayansi kupita ku uinjiniya ndikumaliza kupanga zambiri. Kwa QLED, magawo atatuwa adasakanizidwa nthawi imodzi. Ngati wina akufuna kuti apambane mpikisano, m'pofunika kuyika ndalama pazigawo zonse zitatu.
Huang: OLED ikafananizidwa ndi LCD m'mbuyomu, zabwino zambiri za OLED zidawonetsedwa, monga mawonekedwe amtundu wapamwamba, kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi liwiro lalikulu loyankhira ndi zina zotero. Koma zabwino pamwambazi zingakhale zovuta kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuti ogula asankhe m'malo.
Zikuwoneka kuti ndizotheka kuti mawonekedwe osinthika pamapeto pake atsogolere mwayi wakupha. Ndikuganiza kuti QLED ikumananso ndi zomwezi. Kodi phindu lake lenileni ndi chiyani ngati likufananiza ndi OLED kapena LCD? Kwa QLED, zikuwoneka kuti zinali zovuta kupeza mwayi pawindo laling'ono. Dr. Peng wati mwayi wake umakhala pazithunzi zapakatikati, koma ndizosiyana bwanji?
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Mitundu iwiri yaubwino waukulu wa QLED wafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Imodzi, QLED imachokera ku teknoloji yosindikizira yochokera ku mayankho, yomwe ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yokolola zambiri. Awiri, ma quantum-dot emitters QLED yokhala ndi mtundu waukulu wa gamut, chithunzi chapamwamba komanso moyo wapamwamba wa chipangizocho. Chojambula chapakatikati ndichosavuta paukadaulo wa QLED womwe ukubwera koma QLED pachithunzi chachikulu mwina ndichowonjezera bwino pambuyo pake.
Huang: Koma makasitomala sangavomereze mitundu yokulirapo ngati angafunikire kulipira ndalama zambiri pa izi. Ndingapangire QLED kuti iganizire zakusintha kwamitundu, monga BT2020 yomwe yangotulutsidwa kumene (kutanthawuza kutanthauzira kwapamwamba kwa 4 K TV), ndi mapulogalamu atsopano omwe sangathe kukhutitsidwa ndi matekinoloje ena. Tsogolo la QLED likuwoneka kuti likudaliranso kukhwima kwaukadaulo wosindikiza.
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Muyezo Watsopano (BT2020) umathandizira QLED, kupatsidwa BT2020 kutanthauza mtundu wotakata. Mwa matekinoloje omwe akukambidwa masiku ano, zowonetsa madontho amtundu uliwonse ndizomwe zimatha kukhutiritsa BT2020 popanda chipukuta misozi. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku adapeza kuti mawonekedwe azithunzi amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa gamut. Ndizowona kuti kukhwima kwaukadaulo wosindikiza kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa QLED. Ukadaulo wamakono wosindikizira ndi wokonzeka pazenera lapakatikati ndipo uyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka pazenera lalikulu popanda vuto lalikulu.
KUSINTHA KAFUKULU NDI MAPHUNZIRO OTSATIRA NTCHITO ZOTSATIRA ZONSE
Xu: Kuti QLED ikhale ukadaulo wotsogola, ndizovuta. Pachitukuko chake, OLED imatsogolera ndipo pali matekinoloje ena omwe amatsutsana nawo. Ngakhale tikudziwa kuti kukhala ndi ma patent oyambira komanso matekinoloje a QLED kumatha kukupatsirani malo abwino, kukhala ndi matekinoloje apakati pawokha sikungatsimikizire kuti mudzakhala ukadaulo wamba. Kugulitsa kwaboma mumatekinoloje ofunikira ngati amenewa ndikocheperako poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ndipo sikungasankhe kuti QLED ikhale ukadaulo wamba.
Peng: Imafika pamadontho Gawo lamakampani apakhomo layamba kuyika ndalama muukadaulo wamtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, NajingTech yayika ndalama zokwana pafupifupi ma yuan 400 miliyoni ($65 miliyoni) mu QLED, makamaka mu electroluminescence. Pali osewera ena otsogola apanyumba omwe adayikapo ndalama m'munda. Inde, izi siziri zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, pali makampani ochepa apakhomo omwe amaika ndalama za R&D zaukadaulo wosindikiza. Zida zathu zosindikizira zimapangidwa makamaka ndi osewera aku US, European and Japan. Ndikuganiza kuti uwu ndi mwayi kwa China (kupanga matekinoloje osindikizira).
Xu: Makampani athu akufuna kugwirizana ndi mayunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti apange ukadaulo waluso wa kernel. Pakali pano amadalira kwambiri zipangizo zochokera kunja. Kugwirizana kolimba kwamakampani ndi maphunziro kuyenera kuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto ena.
Liao: Chifukwa chosowa matekinoloje a kernel, opanga gulu la OLED aku China amadalira kwambiri ndalama kuti apititse patsogolo kupikisana kwawo pamsika. Koma izi zitha kuyambitsa ndalama zochulukirapo pamsika wa OLED. M'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko la China latumiza kale mizere yatsopano yopangira OLED yomwe ili ndi ndalama zokwana pafupifupi 450 biliyoni (US$71.5 biliyoni).
Ubwino wambiri wa OLED pa LCD udawunikidwa, monga mtundu wamtundu wapamwamba, kusiyanitsa kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwachangu ndi zina zambiri .... Zikuwoneka kuti ndizotheka kuti mawonekedwe osinthika pamapeto pake atsogolere mwayi wakupha.
— Xiuqi Huang
Kuperewera kwa talente kwa anthu mwina ndi nkhani ina yomwe ingakhudze kukula kwamakampani mdziko muno. Mwachitsanzo, BOE yokha imafuna akatswiri atsopano a 1000 chaka chatha. Komabe, mayunivesite apakhomo sangathe kukwaniritsa izi kwa magulu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera a OLED omwe amagwira ntchito pano. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti maphunzirowo samakwaniritsidwa molingana ndi zomwe makampani akufuna koma zozungulira zolemba zamaphunziro.
Huang: Maphunziro a talente ku ROK ndi osiyana kwambiri. Ku Korea, ophunzira ambiri a udokotala akuchita zomwezo m'mayunivesite kapena m'mabungwe ofufuza monga momwe amachitira m'mabizinesi akuluakulu, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti ayambe mwachangu akalowa mukampani. Kumbali inayi, maprofesa ambiri amayunivesite kapena mabungwe ofufuza ali ndi luso lantchito zamabizinesi akulu, zomwe zimapangitsa mayunivesite kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe makampani akufuna.
Liao: Komabe, zomwe ofufuza aku China amayang'ana kwambiri kufunafuna mapepala ndizosagwirizana ndi zomwe makampani akufuna. Anthu ambiri (kumayunivesite) omwe akugwira ntchito pa organic optoelectronics ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi magawo a QLED, ma cell a solar organic, ma cell a solar a perovskite ndi ma transistors amafilimu opyapyala chifukwa ndi minda yamakono ndipo ali ndi mwayi wofalitsa mapepala ofufuza. Kumbali inayi, maphunziro ambiri omwe ali ofunikira kuti athetse mavuto am'makampani, monga kupanga zida zapakhomo, sizofunikira kwambiri pakufalitsa mapepala, kotero kuti aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amasiya.
Xu: Ndizomveka. Ophunzira safuna kugwira ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamuwa chifukwa amafunikira kusindikiza mapepala kuti amalize maphunziro awo. Mayunivesite amafunanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kukhazikitsa malo ogawana nawo makampani-ophunzira kwa akatswiri ndi zothandizira kuchokera kumbali ziwiri kuti zisunthire wina ndi mzake. Ophunzira ayenera kupanga kafukufuku woyambirira weniweni. Makampani akufuna kugwirizana ndi mapulofesa omwe ali ndi kafukufuku woyambirira wotere.
Zhao: Masiku ano pali zowonera, zokambirana ndi malingaliro abwino. Mgwirizano wamakampani ndi maphunziro ndi kafukufuku wofunikira mtsogolo mwaukadaulo waku China wowonetsa. Tonse tiyenera kuchita khama pa izi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2021