Abstract
Eminyakeni yakamuva, iShayina namanye amazwe batshale imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe bokubukisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile zokubonisa, kusukela ku-LCD yendabuko (i-liquid crystal display) kuya ku-OLED ekhula ngokushesha (i-organic light-emitting diode) kanye ne-QLED esafufusa (i-quantum-dot light-emitting diode), bayaqhudelana ngokubusa emakethe. Phakathi nombango we-trivium, i-OLED, esekelwe isinqumo somholi wezobuchwepheshe i-Apple sokusebenzisa i-OLED ku-iPhone X yayo, ibonakala inesikhundla esingcono, nokho i-QLED, naphezu kokuthi isenezingqinamba zobuchwepheshe okufanele izinqobe, ibonise inzuzo engaba khona ngekhwalithi yombala, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. nempilo ende.
Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuzowina umncintiswano oshisayo? Balungiselwe kanjani abakhiqizi baseShayina nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe bokubukisa? Yiziphi izinqubomgomo okufanele zenziwe ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukusungulwa kweShayina kanye nokukhuthaza ukuncintisana kwayo kwamanye amazwe? Esithangamini esiku-inthanethi esihlelwe yi-National Science Review, umhleli wayo omkhulu, u-Dongyuan Zhao, ubuze ochwepheshe abane abaphambili nososayensi e-China.
I-RISING OLED INSELELE I-LCD
UZhao: Sonke siyazi ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa bubaluleke kakhulu. Njengamanje, kukhona ubuchwepheshe be-OLED, i-QLED kanye nobuchwepheshe be-LCD bendabuko obuqhudelanayo. Uyini umehluko wabo kanye nezinzuzo ezithile? Ngabe sizoqala ku-OLED?
UHuang: I-OLED ithuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Kungcono ukuyiqhathanisa ne-LCD yendabuko uma sifuna ukuqonda ngokucacile izici zayo. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, i-LCD ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ukukhanya kwangemuva, indiza yasemuva ye-TFT kanye neseli, noma ingxenye ewuketshezi ukuze iboniswe. Ihlukile ku-LCD, i-OLED ikhanyisa ngogesi ngqo. Ngakho-ke, ayikudingi ukukhanya okungemuva, kodwa isadinga i-backplane ye-TFT ukuze ilawule ukuthi izokhanya kuphi. Ngenxa yokuthi ayinaso ukukhanya kwangemuva, i-OLED inomzimba omncane, isikhathi sokuphendula esiphezulu, umehluko ophakeme wombala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Ngokunokwenzeka, ingahle ibe nenzuzo yezindleko kune-LCD. Impumelelo enkulu isibonisi sayo esivumelana nezimo, okubonakala kunzima kakhulu ukusifinyelela ku-LCD.
I- Liao: Empeleni, bekukhona/ kunezinhlobo eziningi zobuchwepheshe bokubonisa, njenge-CRT (i-cathode ray tube), i-PDP (iphaneli yokubonisa i-plasma), i-LCD, i-LCOS (amakristalu awuketshezi ku-silicon), isibonisi se-laser, i-LED (ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya ), i-SED (i-surface-conduction electron-emitter display), i-FED (i-filed emission display), i-OLED, i-QLED ne-Micro LED. Kusukela ekubukweni kwesikhathi sokuphila kobuchwepheshe, i-Micro LED ne-QLED ingase ibhekwe njengesesigabeni sokwethulwa, i-OLED isesigabeni sokukhula, i-LCD yakho kokubili ikhompuyutha ne-TV isesigabeni sokuvuthwa, kodwa i-LCD yomakhalekhukhwini isezingeni lokuncipha, I-PDP ne-CRT isesigabeni sokuqeda. Manje, imikhiqizo ye-LCD isabusa imakethe yesibonisi ngenkathi i-OLED ingena emakethe. Njengoba kusanda kushiwo nguDkt Huang, i-OLED ngempela inezinzuzo ezithile kune-LCD.
U- Huang : Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala zezobuchwepheshe ze-OLED ngaphezu kwe-LCD, akuqondile ukuthi i-OLED ithathe indawo ye-LCD. Isibonelo, nakuba kokubili i-OLED ne-LCD zisebenzisa indiza yasemuva ye-TFT, i-TFT ye-OLED inzima kakhulu ukwenziwa kunaleyo ye-LCD eshayelwa ugesi ngoba i-OLED ishayelwa manje. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kobuchwepheshe bokubonisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu, okuyizinkinga zesayensi, izinkinga zobunjiniyela kanye nezinkinga zokukhiqiza. Izindlela nemijikelezo yokuxazulula lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezinkinga zihlukile.
Njengamanje, i-LCD isivuthiwe, kuyilapho i-OLED isesigabeni sokuqala sokuqhuma kwezimboni. Ku-OLED, kusenezinkinga eziningi eziphuthumayo okufanele zixazululwe, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukuxazululwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhawulo omkhulu we-LCD ne-OLED uphakeme kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-LCD eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ijubane lokuthuthuka le-OLED lishesha kakhulu.
Ngenkathi kusesikhathini esifushane, i-OLED ayikwazi ukuncintisana ne-LCD kusikrini esikhulu sosayizi, kuthiwani lapho abantu bangashintsha umkhuba wabo wokusebenzisa ukuze bayeke isikrini esikhulu?
— Jun Xu
I- Liao: Ngifuna ukwengeza idatha ethile. Ngokusho kwenkampani yokubonisana i-HIS Markit, ngo-2018, inani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke lemikhiqizo ye-OLED lizoba ngu-$38.5 billion. Kepha ngo-2020, izofinyelela ku-US $ 67 billion, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuhlanganisiwe konyaka okungama-46%. Esinye isibikezelo silinganisela ukuthi i-OLED yenza u-33% wokuthengiswa kwemakethe yesibonisi, kanye nama-67% asele nge-LCD ngo-2018. Kodwa isabelo semakethe se-OLED singafinyelela ku-54% ngo-2020.
UHuang: Nakuba imithombo ehlukene ingase ibe nokubikezela okuhlukile, inzuzo ye-OLED ngaphezu kwe-LCD esikrinini sokubonisa esincane nesiphakathi icacile. Esikrinini esinosayizi omncane, njengewashi elihlakaniphile nefoni ehlakaniphile, izinga lokungena le-OLED lilinganiselwa ku-20% ukuya ku-30%, elimele ukuncintisana okuthile. Esikrinini esinosayizi omkhulu, njenge-TV, ukuthuthuka kwe-OLED [ngokumelene ne-LCD] kungase kudinge isikhathi esengeziwe.
I-LCD IYABUYA
I- Xu: I-LCD yahlongozwa okokuqala ngo-1968. Phakathi nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, ubuchwepheshe buye banqoba kancane kancane ukushiyeka kwabo futhi behlula obunye ubuchwepheshe. Ayini amaphutha ayo asele? Kuyaziwa kabanzi ukuthi i-LCD inzima kakhulu ukuthi yenziwe ibe nezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-LCD ayikhiphi ukukhanya, ngakho-ke ukukhanya okungemuva kuyadingeka. Ithrendi yobuchwepheshe bokuboniswa ibheke kokulula nokuncane (isikrini).
Kodwa okwamanje, i-LCD ivuthwe kakhulu futhi inomnotho. Iyidlula kude i-OLED, futhi ikhwalithi yesithombe sayo nokugqama kwesibonisi akusileli emuva. Okwamanje, umgomo oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe be-LCD i-head-mounted display (HMD), okusho ukuthi kufanele sisebenze ekulungisweni kwesibonisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OLED okwamanje ifanele izikrini ezimaphakathi nezincane kuphela, kodwa isikrini esikhulu kufanele sithembele ku-LCD. Yingakho imboni isalokhu itshala imali kumugqa wokukhiqiza wesizukulwane se-10.5 (we-LCD).
UZhao: Ucabanga ukuthi i-LCD izothathelwa indawo i-OLED noma i-QLED?
I- Xu: Nakuba ithintwa ngokujulile isibonisi se-OLED sizacile kakhulu futhi esivumelana nezimo , sidinga futhi ukuhlaziya ukuntuleka kwe-OLED. Njengoba izinto zokukhanyisa ziyizinto eziphilayo, ukuphila kwakho kokubonisa kungase kube kufushane. I-LCD ingasetshenziswa kalula amahora angu-100 000. Omunye umzamo wokuzivikela we-LCD ukuthuthukisa isikrini esivumelana nezimo ukuze simelane nesibonisi esiguquguqukayo se-OLED. Kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinkathazo ezinkulu zikhona embonini ye-LCD.
Imboni ye-LCD ingaphinda izame amanye amasu (okuphikisayo). Sinenzuzo esikrinini esikhulu, kodwa kuthiwani eminyakeni eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa kamuva? Ngenkathi kusesikhathini esifushane, i-OLED ayikwazi ukuncintisana ne-LCD kusikrini esikhulu sosayizi, kuthiwani lapho abantu bangashintsha umkhuba wabo wokusebenzisa ukuze bayeke isikrini esikhulu? Abantu bangase bangayibuki i-TV futhi bathatha izikrini eziphathwayo kuphela.
Abanye ochwepheshe abasebenza esikhungweni socwaningo lwemakethe i-CCID (Isikhungo Sase-China Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yolwazi) babikezele ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha, i-OLED izoba nomthelela omkhulu esikrinini esincane nesiphakathi. Ngokufanayo, isikhulu esiphezulu se-BOE Technology sithe ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha, i-OLED izolinganisa noma yedlule i-LCD ngosayizi abancane, kodwa ukuze ibambe i-LCD, ingadinga iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15.
I-MICRO LED IPHUMA NJENGENYE UBUCHWEPHESHE OBUHLUNGU
I- Xu: Ngaphandle kwe-LCD, i-Micro LED (I-Micro Light-Emitting Diode Display) isiguquke iminyaka eminingi, nakuba ukunaka kwangempela kwabantu kunketho yokubonisa akuzange kuvuswe kuze kube ngoMeyi 2014 lapho i-Apple ithola unjiniyela we- obukhiye beMicro LED i-LuxVue Technology. Kulindeleke ukuthi iMicro LED isetshenziswe kumadivayisi edijithali agqokekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yebhethri nokukhanya kwesikrini.
I-Micro LED, ebizwa nangokuthi i-mLED noma i-μLED, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubonisa. Kusetshenziswa lokho okubizwa ngobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa okukhulu, izibonisi ze-Micro LED zihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwama-LED amancane akha izinto zephikseli ezingazodwana. Inganikeza ukuqhathanisa okungcono, izikhathi zokuphendula, ukulungiswa okuphezulu kakhulu nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-OLED, inokukhanya okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle nempilo ende, kodwa isibonisi sayo esivumelana nezimo singaphansi kwe-OLED. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LCD, i-Micro LED inokuqhathanisa okungcono, izikhathi zokuphendula nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Kubhekwa kabanzi njengefanele izinto ezigqokwayo, i-AR/VR, isibonisi esizenzakalelayo kanye neprojektha encane.
Kodwa-ke, i-Micro LED isenazo ezinye izingqinamba zobuchwepheshe ku-epitaxy, ukudluliswa kwabantu abaningi, ukujikeleza kokushayela, ukufaka imibala okugcwele, nokuqapha nokulungisa. Iphinde ibe nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini esifushane, ayikwazi ukuncintisana ne-LCD evamile. Kodwa njengesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa ngemva kwe-LCD ne-OLED, i-Micro LED ithole ukunakwa okubanzi futhi kufanele ijabulele ukuthengiswa okusheshayo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ezayo.
I-QUANTUM DOT IJOYINA UMNCINTISWANO
I- Peng: Iza kuchashazi le-quantum. Okokuqala, i-QLED TV emakethe namuhla ingumqondo odukisayo. Amachashazi e-Quantum ayikilasi lama-semiconductor nanocrystals, ubude bawo begagasi obuphumayo bungakwazi ukushunwa ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngomphumela wokuvalelwa kwe-quantum. Ngenxa yokuthi angamakristalu ezinto ezingaphili, amachashazi e-quantum kumadivayisi wokubonisa azinzile kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yemvelo yawo ecwebezelayo eyodwa, umbala wokuphuma wamachashazi we-quantum ungaba msulwa kakhulu, osho ikhwalithi yombala yamadivayisi wokubonisa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amachashazi e-quantum njengezinto ezikhipha ukukhanya ahlobene nakho kokubili i-OLED ne-LCD. Okubizwa ngama-QLED TVs emakethe empeleni ama-LCD TV athuthukisiwe we-quantum-dot, asebenzisa amachashazi e-quantum ukuze athathele indawo yama-phosphor aluhlaza nabomvu kuyunithi yokukhanya kwangemuva ye-LCD. Ngokwenza kanjalo, izibonisi ze-LCD zithuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kombala wazo, ikhwalithi yesithombe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungenzeka. Izindlela zokusebenza zamachashazi e-quantum kulezi zibonisi ze-LCD ezithuthukisiwe yi-photoluminescence yawo.
Ngobudlelwano bayo ne-OLED, i-quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) ngomqondo othile ingabhekwa njengamadivayisi e-electroluminescence ngokufaka esikhundleni sezinto eziphilayo ezikhipha ukukhanya ku-OLED. Yize i-QLED ne-OLED inesakhiwo esicishe sifane, futhi inomehluko obonakalayo. Ngokufanayo ne-LCD eneyunithi yokukhanyisa amachashazi e-quantum, igamu yombala we-QLED ibanzi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-OLED futhi izinze kakhulu kune-OLED.
Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-OLED ne-QLED ubuchwepheshe babo bokukhiqiza. I-OLED incike endleleni enembayo ephezulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-vacuum evaporation enemaski enokulungiswa okuphezulu. I-QLED ayikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngale ndlela ngoba amachashazi e-quantum njengama-nanocrystals angaphili anzima kakhulu ukuthi afakwe umhwamuko. Uma i-QLED ikhiqizwa ngokwentengiso, kufanele iphrintwe futhi icutshungulwe ngobuchwepheshe obusekelwe kwisixazululo. Lokhu ungakubheka njengobuthakathaka, njengoba izinto zikagesi zokuphrinta njengamanje zinemba kancane kunobuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-vacuum. Kodwa-ke, ukucubungula okusekelwe kwisixazululo nakho kungabhekwa njengenzuzo, ngoba uma inkinga yokukhiqiza inqotshwa, kubiza kancane kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-vacuum obufakelwa i-OLED. Ngaphandle kokucabangela i-TFT, ukutshala imali emugqeni wokukhiqiza we-OLED ngokuvamile kubiza amashumi ezigidigidi zama-yuan kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-QLED kungaba ngaphansi ngo-90–95%.
Uma kubhekwa ukulungiswa okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta, i-QLED kuzoba nzima ukufinyelela ukulungiswa okukhulu kuno-300 PPI (amaphikiseli ngeyintshi ngayinye) phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Ngakho-ke, i-QLED ingase ingasetshenziselwa izibonisi ezinosayizi omncane njengamanje futhi amandla ayo azoba izibonisi ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo ukuya kobukhulu.
UZhao: Amachashazi e-Quantum ayi-nanocrystal ye-inorganic, okusho ukuthi kufanele adluliswe ngama-organic ligands ukuze azinze futhi asebenze. Indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga? Okwesibili, ingabe ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kwamachashazi e-quantum kungafinyelela esikalini sezimboni?
I- Peng: Imibuzo emihle. I-Ligand chemistry yamachashazi e-quantum ithuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule. Ukuzinza kwe-Colloidal kwama-nanocrystals we-inorganic kufanele kushiwo ngokuxazululwa. Sabika ngo-2016 ukuthi igremu elilodwa lamachashazi e-quantum lingahlakazwa ngokuzinzile ku-millilitha eyodwa yesisombululo se-organic, okuyinto eyanele ngokuqinisekile kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta. Embuzweni wesibili, izinkampani ezimbalwa zikwazile ukukhiqiza amachashazi e-quantum ngobuningi. Njengamanje, yonke le volumu yokukhiqiza yakhelwe ukwakhiwa kwamayunithi okukhanyisa i-LCD. Kukholakala ukuthi wonke ama-TV asezingeni eliphezulu avela ku-Samsung ngo-2017 wonke angama-LCD TV anamayunithi okukhanyisa amachashazi e-quantum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Nanosys yase-United States iphinde ikhiqize amachashazi e-quantum kuma-LCD TV. I-NajingTech e-Hangzhou, e-China ibonisa amandla okukhiqiza ukuze isekele abenzi be-TV baseShayina. Ngokwazi kwami, i-NajingTech isungula ulayini wokukhiqiza wamasethi ayizigidi eziyi-10 zama-TV anombala anamayunithi okukhanyisa amachashazi e-quantum minyaka yonke.
Izimfuno zamanje zaseChina azikwazi ukwaneliswa ngokugcwele ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufeza izidingo zemakethe yasekhaya. Kungakho iChina kumele ithuthukise amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-OLED.
— uLiangsheng Liao
IZIMBANGI ZASECHINA EMAKHAKETHINI YOKUBONISA
UZhao: Izinkampani zaseNingizimu Korea zitshale izinsiza ezinkulu ku-OLED. Kungani? I-China ingafundani kulokho okwenzeka kuyo?
UHuang: Ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwami i-Samsung, isidlali saseKorea esihamba phambili emakethe ye-OLED, ngeke sithi yayinokubona kusengaphambili kwasekuqaleni. AbakwaSamsung baqale ukutshala imali ku-AMOLED (i-active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, uhlobo olukhulu lwe-OLED esetshenziswa embonini yokubonisa) cishe ngo-2003, futhi ayizange ibone ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaze kwaba ngu-2007. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-OLED kwafinyelela inzuzo ngo-2010. Kusukela lapho , i-Samsung kancane kancane yathola isimo sokudla kwemakethe.
Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, i-OLED ibingenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile ze-Samsung. Kodwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ithole isikhundla esizuzisayo emakethe futhi ijwayele ukuyigcina ngokwandisa umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza.
Esinye isizathu izimfuno zamakhasimende. U-Apple uye wazigwema ukusebenzisa i-OLED iminyaka ethile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izingxabano zelungelo lobunikazi ne-Samsung. Kepha ngemuva kokuthi i-Apple iqale ukusebenzisa i-OLED ku-iPhone X yayo, yaba nethonya elikhulu kuyo yonke imboni. Ngakho-ke manje i-Samsung yaqala ukuvuna izimali zayo eziqoqiwe ensimini futhi yaqala ukwandisa umthamo.
Futhi, abakwaSamsung basebenzise isikhathi esiningi nemizamo ekuthuthukisweni kochungechunge lomkhiqizo. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili noma amathathu edlule, i-Japan yayiphethe uchungechunge lomkhiqizo oluphelele kakhulu lwemikhiqizo eboniswayo. Kepha selokhu abakwaSamsung bangena ensimini ngaleso sikhathi, sebesebenzise amandla amakhulu ukuhlakulela amafemu aseKorea akhuphuka nomfula. Manje abakhiqizi beRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea (ROK) baqala ukuthatha ingxenye enkulu emakethe.
I- Liao: Abakhiqizi baseNingizimu Korea okuhlanganisa i-Samsung ne-LG Electronics balawule u-90% wokunikezwa komhlaba wonke kwamaphaneli e-OLED aphakathi nendawo namancane. Selokhu i-Apple yaqala ukuthenga amaphaneli e-OLED kwaSamsung ngemikhiqizo yayo yamaselula, ayengasekho amaphaneli anele okuthunyelwa eChina. Ngakho-ke, izimfuno zamanje zaseChina azikwazi ukwaneliswa ngokugcwele ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuthi i-China inemakethe enkulu yomakhalekhukhwini, kuzodingeka ukuthi kufezwe izimfuno ngemizamo yasekhaya. Kungakho iChina kumele ithuthukise amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-OLED.
UHuang: Ukubaluleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-LCD yaseChina manje sekuphakeme emhlabeni jikelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-LCD, isimo saseChina ku-OLED sithuthukiswe ngendlela emangalisayo. Lapho ithuthukisa i-LCD, i-China yamukele iphethini yesingeniso-ukumuncwa-ukuvuselela. Manje nge-OLED, sinephesenti eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqamba okusha okuzimele.
Ziphi izinzuzo zethu? Okokuqala imakethe enkulu kanye nokuqonda kwethu izimfuno zamakhasimende (asekhaya).
Bese kuba yizinga lezinsiza zabantu. Imboni eyodwa enkulu izodala izinkulungwane zemisebenzi, futhi izohlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, olubandakanya izinkulungwane zabasebenzi. Isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngonjiniyela nabasebenzi abanamakhono singafezeka eChina.
Inzuzo yesithathu yizisekelo zezwe. Uhulumeni unezisekelo ezinkulu futhi amandla abakhiqizi ayathuthuka. Ngicabanga ukuthi abakhiqizi baseShayina bazoba nempumelelo enkulu ku-OLED.
Nakuba singeke sithi izinzuzo zethu ziyanqoba i-ROK, lapho abakwaSamsung kanye ne-LG bebusa insimu iminyaka eminingi, sizuze inqubekelaphambili eminingi ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinto kanye nezingxenye ze-OLED. Siphinde sibe nezinga eliphezulu lokuqamba izinto ezintsha ku-process technology kanye nemiklamo. Sesinabakhiqizi abaningana abakhulu, njenge-Visionox, i-BOE, i-EDO ne-Tianma, abanezindawo zokugcina ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe.
AMATHUBA OKUTHI ICHINA IBUSE I-QLED?
UZhao: Yiziphi izinto ezintsha ezizimele zaseShayina noma izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe eziqhathaniswayo ku-QLED?
I- Peng: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa amachashazi e-quantum ukuze aboniswe, okuyi-photoluminescence ekukhanyeni okungemuva.
Ku-QLED, izigaba ezintathu zokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe [kusuka odabeni lwesayensi kuye kwezobunjiniyela futhi ekugcineni kuye ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi] zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma umuntu efuna ukuwina umncintiswano, kuyadingeka ukuthi atshale kuzo zontathu izilinganiso.
- U-Xiaogang Peng
amayunithi e-LCD kanye ne-electroluminescence ku-QLED. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photoluminescence, ukhiye yizinto ze-quantum-dot. I-China inezinzuzo ezibonakalayo ezintweni ze-quantum-dot.
Ngemva kokubuyela e-China, i-NajingTech (eyasungulwa ngokubambisana ngu-Peng) yathenga wonke amalungelo obunikazi ayinhloko asungulwa yimi e-United States ngaphansi kwemvume kahulumeni wase-US. Lawa malungelo obunikazi amboza ukuhlanganiswa okuyisisekelo nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula amachashazi e-quantum. I-NajingTech isivele isungule amandla okukhiqiza amachashazi e-quantum ngezinga elikhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Korea—emelwe i-Samsung—iyinkampani ehamba phambili njengamanje kuzo zonke izici zomkhakha wokubonisa, enikeza izinzuzo ezinhle ekuhwebeni kwezibonisi ze-quantum-dot. Ekupheleni kuka-2016, abakwaSamsung bathola i-QD Vision (umthuthukisi ohamba phambili wobuchwepheshe be-quantum-dot ozinze e-United States). Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwaSamsung batshale imali eningi ekuthengeni amalungelo obunikazi ahlobene ne-quantum-dot nasekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe.
I-China ihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele ku-electroluminescence njengamanje. Eqinisweni, kwaba ukushicilelwa kwe- Nature ka-2014 yiqembu lososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yase-Zhejiang okufakazele ukuthi i-QLED ingafinyelela izimfuneko eziqinile zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubonisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi ubani ozoba ngumnqobi wokugcina emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe we-electroluminescence akukacaci. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kweShayina kubuchwepheshe be-quantum-dot kusalele kakhulu ngemuva kwe-US ne-ROK. Empeleni, ucwaningo lwe-quantum-dot lugxile e-US ngomlando walo omningi, futhi abadlali baseSouth Korea batshale imali eningi ngale ndlela.
Ku-electroluminescence, maningi amathuba okuthi kubekhona kanye ne-OLED isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, esikrinini esincane, ukulungiswa kwe-QLED kunqunyelwe ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta.
UZhao: Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi i-QLED izoba nezinzuzo kune-OLED ngentengo noma ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi? Ingabe izoba ishibhile kune-LCD?
I- Peng: Uma i-electroluminescence ingafinyelelwa ngempumelelo ngokuphrinta, izobiza kakhulu, ngezindleko ezingaba ngu-1/10 kuphela ze-OLED. Abakhiqizi abafana ne-NajingTech ne-BOE e-China babonise izibonisi zokuphrinta ezinamachashazi e-quantum. Njengamanje, i-QLED ayiqhudelani ne-OLED ngokuqondile, uma kubhekwa imakethe yayo ngesikrini esinosayizi omncane. Esikhathini esedlule, uDkt. Huang washo izigaba ezintathu zokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kusukela odabeni lwesayensi kuye kwezobunjiniyela futhi ekugcineni kuye ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Ku-QLED, izigaba ezintathu zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma umuntu efuna ukuwina umncintiswano, kuyadingeka ukuthi atshale kuzo zontathu izilinganiso.
UHuang: Lapho i-OLED iqhathaniswa ne-LCD esikhathini esidlule, izinzuzo eziningi ze-OLED zagqanyiswa, njenge-gamut yombala ophezulu, ukugqama okuphezulu nesivinini sokuphendula nokunye. Kodwa izinzuzo ezingenhla kungaba nzima ukuba phezulu kakhulu ukwenza abathengi bakhethe ukushintshwa.
Kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi isibonisi esiguquguqukayo sizogcina siholele inzuzo yombulali. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-QLED nayo izobhekana nesimo esifanayo. Iyini inzuzo yayo yangempela uma iqhathaniswa ne-OLED noma i-LCD? Ku-QLED, kubonakala sengathi bekunzima ukuthola inzuzo esikrinini esincane. UDkt. Peng uphakamise ukuthi inzuzo yayo isesikrinini esiphakathi nendawo, kodwa yini ehlukile?
I- Peng: Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-QLED kuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla. Okokuqala, i-QLED isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obusekelwe kusixazululo, okuyizindleko eziphansi kanye nesivuno esikhulu. Okubili, i-quantum-dot emitters ye-QLED enombala omkhulu we-gamut, ikhwalithi yesithombe esiphezulu nokuphila kwedivayisi okuphezulu. Isikrini esinosayizi omaphakathi silula kubuchwepheshe obuzayo be-QLED kodwa i-QLED yesikrini esikhulu cishe iyisandiso esinengqondo kamuva.
UHuang: Kodwa amakhasimende angase angamukeli kuphela ububanzi bemibala ebanzi kangcono uma edinga ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ngalokhu. Ngingaphakamisa ukuthi i-QLED icabangele izinguquko kumazinga ombala, njenge-BT2020 esanda kukhishwa (echaza i-high-definition 4 K TV), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezihlukile ezingenakwaneliswa obunye ubuchwepheshe. Ikusasa le-QLED libonakala lincike ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta.
I- Peng: Izinga elisha (BT2020) liyasiza ngempela i-QLED, inikezwe i-BT2020 okusho i-gamut yombala obanzi. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe okuxoxwe ngakho namuhla, ukuboniswa kwamachashazi e-quantum kunoma yiluphi uhlobo yikhona kuphela okunganelisa i-BT2020 ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo sokubonwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ikhwalithi yesithombe yokuboniswa ihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-gamut yombala. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-QLED. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokuphrinta bulungele isikrini esiphakathi nendawo futhi kufanele bukwazi ukunwetshwa kusikrini esiwusayizi omkhulu ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.
UKULUNGISA UCWANINGO KANYE NEZINHLELO ZOKUQEQESHA UKUZE KUTHUTHUKISE UBUCHWEPHESHE BOKUBONISA
I- Xu: Ukuze i-QLED ibe ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili, kusenzima. Enqubweni yayo yokuthuthukiswa, i-OLED iyandulela futhi kukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe obuphikisanayo obulandelayo. Yize sazi ukuthi ukuba nobunikazi bamalungelo obunikazi ayisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-QLED kungakwenzela isikhundla esihle, ukubamba ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kukodwa akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uba ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obunjalo phela kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimboni futhi ngeke kunqume ukuthi i-QLED ibe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile.
I- Peng: Umkhakha wezimboni zasekhaya usuqalile ukutshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, i-NajingTech itshale imali elinganiselwa ku-400 million yuan ($65 million) ku-QLED, ikakhulukazi ku-electroluminescence. Kunabadlali abahamba phambili basekhaya abafake imali kulo mkhakha. Yebo, lokhu akwanele. Isibonelo, kunezinkampani zasekhaya ezimbalwa ezitshala i-R&D yobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta. Imishini yethu yokuphrinta yenziwa ikakhulukazi abadlali base-US, European and Japan. Ngicabanga ukuthi leli futhi kuyithuba leShayina (lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta).
I- Xu: Imboni yethu ifuna ukusebenzisana namanyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-kernel. Njengamanje bathembele kakhulu emishinini evela kwamanye amazwe. Ukusebenzisana okuqinile kwemboni nezemfundo kufanele kusize ukuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga.
I- Liao: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabo kobuchwepheshe be-kernel, abakhiqizi bephaneli ye-OLED yamaShayina bathembele kakhulu etshalweni ukuze bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo ezimakethe. Kodwa lokhu kungase kubangele ukutshalwa kwezimali okushisiwe embonini ye-OLED. Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-China isivele ingenise imigqa emisha embalwa yokukhiqiza ye-OLED enenani eliphelele lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-450 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-71.5).
Izinzuzo eziningi ze-OLED ngaphezu kwe-LCD zagqanyiswa, njenge-gamut yombala ophezulu, ukugqama okuphezulu nesivinini sokuphendula nokunye .... Kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi isibonisi esiguquguqukayo sizogcina siholele inzuzo yombulali.
- UXiuqi Huang
Ukushoda kwezinsizakusebenza zabasebenzi mhlawumbe kungenye inkinga enomthelela ekwandeni okusheshayo kwemboni kuleli. Isibonelo, i-BOE iyodwa idinga onjiniyela abasha abangaphezu kwe-1000 ngonyaka odlule. Kodwa-ke, amanyuvesi asekhaya ngokuqinisekile awakwazi ukufeza le mfuneko yamandla okusebenza e-OLED aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile njengamanje. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa akwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemboni kodwa kuhambisana namaphepha emfundo.
UHuang: Ukuqeqeshwa kwethalente ku-ROK kuhluke kakhulu. E-Korea, abafundi abaningi abafundela ubudokotela benza cishe into efanayo emanyuvesi noma ezikhungweni zocwaningo njengoba benza emabhizinisini amakhulu, okubasiza kakhulu ukuthi baqale ngokushesha ngemva kokungena enkampanini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oprofesa abaningi bamanyuvesi noma izikhungo zocwaningo banesipiliyoni sokusebenza samabhizinisi amakhulu, okwenza amanyuvesi asiqonde kangcono isidingo sezimboni.
I- Liao: Nokho, ukuphishekela amaphepha kuqala kwabacwaningi baseShayina kuphambana nesidingo semboni. Iningi labantu (emanyuvesi) abasebenza nge-organic optoelectronics banentshisekelo kakhulu emikhakheni ye-QLED, amaseli elanga aphilayo, amaseli elanga e-perovskite nama-transistors amafilimu amancane ngoba ayimikhakha efashisayo futhi anamathuba amaningi okushicilela amaphepha ocwaningo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifundo eziningi ezibalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemboni, njengokuthuthukisa izinguqulo zasekhaya zemishini, azibalulekile kangako ekushicilelweni kwephepha, ukuze ubuhlakani nabafundi bachithe kuzo.
I- Xu: Kuyaqondakala. Abafundi abafuni ukusebenza kakhulu ngezicelo ngoba badinga ukushicilela amaphepha ukuze baphumelele. Amanyuvesi nawo afuna imiphumela yocwaningo yesikhashana. Isixazululo esingaba khona wukusungula inkundla yokwabelana ngezimboni nezifundiswa ukuze ochwepheshe kanye nezinsiza ezivela ezinhlangothini zombili zihambisane. Izifundiswa kufanele zithuthukise ucwaningo lwangempela oluyisisekelo. Imboni ifuna ukusebenzisana nosolwazi abanocwaningo olunjalo olusha.
UZhao: Namuhla kukhona ukubonwa okuhle, izingxoxo kanye neziphakamiso. Ukusebenzisana kocwaningo lwemboni nezemfundo kubalulekile ekusaseni lobuchwepheshe bokubonisa baseShayina. Sonke kufanele sisebenze kanzima kulokhu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-22-2021