Abstract
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China kunye namanye amazwe atyale imali kakhulu kuphando kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa ubugcisa bokubonisa. Okwangoku, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa iteknoloji, ukusuka kwi-LCD yendabuko (i-crystal display display) ukuya kwi-OLED ekhulayo ngokukhawuleza (i-organic light-emitting diode) kunye ne-QLED ephumayo (i-quantum-dot light-emitting diode), bakhuphisana ngokulawula imarike. Phakathi kwengxabano ye-trivium, i-OLED, exhaswa yinkokeli yezobuchwepheshe isigqibo sika-Apple sokusebenzisa i-OLED kwi-iPhone X yayo, ibonakala inesikhundla esingcono, kodwa i-QLED, nangona isenemiqobo yezobuchwepheshe enokuyoyisa, ibonise inzuzo enokubakho kumgangatho wombala, iindleko eziphantsi zemveliso. kunye nobomi obude.
Yeyiphi iteknoloji eya kuphumelela ukhuphiswano olushushu? Baye balungiselelwa njani abavelisi baseTshayina kunye namaziko ophando ukubonisa uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji? Yeyiphi imigaqo-nkqubo ekufuneka imiselwe ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kweTshayina nokukhuthaza ukukhuphisana kwayo kumazwe ngamazwe? Kwiforum ye-intanethi eququzelelwe nguPhononongo lwezeNzululwazi yeSizwe, umhleli wayo oyintloko, u-Dongyuan Zhao, ubuze iingcali ezine eziphambili kunye nezazinzulu zaseTshayina.
UKUNYUKA OLED IMICELI-MNGENI LCD
UZhao: Sonke siyazi ukuba itekhnoloji yokubonisa ibaluleke kakhulu. Okwangoku, kukho i-OLED, i-QLED kunye neetekhnoloji ze-LCD zemveli ezikhuphisanayo. Ziziphi iiyantlukwano zabo kunye neengenelo ezithile? Ngaba siza kuqala kwi-OLED?
UHuang: I -OLED ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kungcono ukuyithelekisa ne-LCD yendabuko ukuba sifuna ukuqonda ngokucacileyo iimpawu zayo. Ngokumalunga nolwakhiwo, i-LCD ubukhulu becala inamacandelo amathathu: i-backlight, TFT backplane kunye neseli, okanye icandelo lolwelo lokubonisa. Yahlukile kwi-LCD, izibane ze-OLED ngokuthe ngqo ngombane. Ke, ayifuni ukukhanya ngasemva, kodwa isafuna i-backplane ye-TFT ukulawula indawo yokukhanyisa. Ngenxa yokuba ikhululekile ekukhanyeni ngasemva, i-OLED inomzimba omncinci, ixesha lokuphendula eliphezulu, umahluko ophezulu wombala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Ngokunokwenzeka, inokuba nenzuzo yeendleko ngaphezulu kwe-LCD. Eyona mpumelelo inkulu kukubonisa kwayo okuguquguqukayo, ekubonakala kunzima ukuyiphumeza kwi-LCD.
I- Liao: Enyanisweni, kwakukho / kukho iintlobo ezininzi zetekhnoloji yokubonisa, njenge-CRT (ityhubhu ye-cathode ray), i-PDP (iphaneli yokubonisa i-plasma), i-LCD, i-LCOS (i-crystals e-liquid kwi-silicon), i-laser display, i-LED (i-light-emitting diodes). ), i-SED (i-surface-conduction electron-emitter display), i-FED (i-filed emission display), i-OLED, i-QLED kunye ne-Micro LED. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga itekhnoloji yokubonisa, iMicro LED kunye neQLED zinokuthathwa njengenqanaba lokungeniswa, iOLED ikwinqanaba lokukhula, iLCD kuzo zombini iikhompyuter kunye neTV ikwinqanaba lokuvuthwa, kodwa iLCD yeselula ikwinqanaba lokuncipha, I-PDP kunye ne-CRT zikwinqanaba lokuphelisa. Ngoku, iimveliso zeLCD zisalawula imakethi yokubonisa ngelixa i-OLED ingena kwimarike. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe nguGqr Huang, i-OLED eneneni ineengenelo ezithile ngaphezulu kwe-LCD.
UHuang : Ngaphandle koncedo olubonakalayo lwetekhnoloji ye-OLED ngaphezulu kwe-LCD, ayilulanga ukuba i-OLED ithathe indawo yeLCD. Umzekelo, nangona zombini i-OLED kunye ne-LCD zisebenzisa i-TFT backplane, i-OLED's TFT inzima kakhulu ukwenziwa kune-LCD eqhutywa ngumbane kuba i-OLED iqhutywa ngoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki zokuveliswa kweteknoloji yokubonisa zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu, ezizezi iingxaki zenzululwazi, iingxaki zobunjineli kunye neengxaki zemveliso. Iindlela kunye nemijikelo yokusombulula ezi ntlobo zintathu zeengxaki zahlukile.
Okwangoku, i-LCD sele ikhulile, ngelixa i-OLED isekwinqanaba lokuqala lokudubula kwemizi-mveliso. Kwi-OLED, kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ezingxamisekileyo ekufuneka zisonjululwe, ngakumbi iingxaki zemveliso ezifuna ukusonjululwa inyathelo ngenyathelo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ubuninzi. Ukongeza, i-capital threshold yazo zombini i-LCD kunye ne-OLED iphezulu kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nophuhliso lokuqala lwe-LCD kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, isantya sokuqhubela phambili se-OLED siye sakhawuleza.
Ngelixa kwixesha elifutshane, i-OLED ayinakukwazi ukukhuphisana ne-LCD kwiscreen esikhulu sobukhulu, kuthekani malunga nokuba abantu banokutshintsha umkhwa wabo wokusebenzisa ukuyeka isikrini esikhulu?
— Jun Xu
I- Liao: Ndifuna ukongeza idata. Ngokutsho kwenkampani yokubonisana ne-HIS Markit, kwi-2018, ixabiso lemarike yehlabathi kwiimveliso ze-OLED liya kuba yi-US $ 38.5 yebhiliyoni. Kodwa ngo-2020, iya kufikelela kwiidola ezingama-67 eebhiliyoni zeedola, kunye nesantya sokukhula esixandileyo sonyaka se-46%. Olunye uqikelelo luqikelela ukuba i-OLED i-akhawunti ye-33% yentengiso yemarike yokubonisa, kunye ne-67% eseleyo nge-LCD ngo-2018. Kodwa isabelo semarike ye-OLED sinokufikelela kwi-54% kwi-2020.
UHuang: I Ngelixa imithombo eyahlukeneyo inokuba nengqikelelo eyahlukileyo, inzuzo ye-OLED ngaphezulu kwe-LCD kwiscreen esincinci naphakathi esibonakalayo sicacile. Kwisikrini esincinci, esifana ne-smart watch kunye ne-smart phone, izinga lokungena kwe-OLED liqikelelwa kwi-20% ukuya kwi-30%, emele ukukhuphisana okuthile. Kwiscreen esikhulu esifana neTV, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-OLED [nxamnye ne-LCD] kunokufuna ixesha elingakumbi.
I-LCD IYABUYA
Xu: I -LCD yacetywa okokuqala ngo-1968. Ngexesha lenkqubo yophuhliso, itekhnoloji iye yoyisa ngokuthe ngcembe iintsilelo zayo kwaye yoyisa obunye ubuchwephesha. Ziziphi iziphene zayo eziseleyo? Kuyaziwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-LCD inzima kakhulu ukuba yenziwe ibe bhetyebhetye. Ukongeza, i-LCD ayikhuphi ukukhanya, ngoko kufuneka ukukhanya ngasemva. Intsingiselo yetekhnoloji yokubonisa ngokuqinisekileyo isiya ekukhanyeni nangaphantsi (isikrini).
Kodwa okwangoku, i-LCD ikhule kakhulu kwaye inoqoqosho. Iyodlula kude i-OLED, kwaye umgangatho wayo wemifanekiso kunye nokubonisa umahluko awushiyeki ngasemva. Okwangoku, eyona njongo iphambili yetekhnoloji yeLCD kukuboniswa kwentloko (HMD), okuthetha ukuba kufuneka sisebenze kwisisombululo sokubonisa. Ukongeza, i-OLED okwangoku ifanelekile kuphela kwizikrini eziphakathi kunye nezincinci, kodwa isikrini esikhulu kufuneka sithembele kwi-LCD. Yingakho ishishini lihlala lityala imali kwi-10.5th yesizukulwana somgca wokuvelisa (we-LCD).
UZhao: Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-LCD iya kutshintshwa yi-OLED okanye i-QLED?
Xu: I Ngelixa ichatshazelwe kakhulu yi-OLED ecekeceke kakhulu kwaye ibhetyebhetye isiboniso , kufuneka sihlalutye ukungoneli kwe-OLED. Ngemathiriyeli yokukhanyisa ibe yinto ephilayo, ubomi bayo bokuboniswa bunokuba bufutshane. I-LCD ingasetyenziswa lula iiyure eziyi-100 000. Olunye umzamo wokuzikhusela we-LCD kukuphuhlisa isikrini esiguqukayo ukuchasa umboniso oguquguqukayo we-OLED. Kodwa kuyinyani ukuba kukho amaxhala amakhulu kwishishini le-LCD.
Ishishini le-LCD lingazama ezinye iindlela zobuchule. Sinenzuzo kwiscreen esikhulu, kodwa kuthekani malunga neminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe kamva? Ngelixa kwixesha elifutshane, i-OLED ayinakukwazi ukukhuphisana ne-LCD kwiscreen esikhulu sobukhulu, kuthekani malunga nokuba abantu banokutshintsha umkhwa wabo wokusebenzisa ukuyeka isikrini esikhulu? Abantu abanakubukela iTV kwaye bathatha izikrini eziphathwayo kuphela.
Ezinye iingcali ezisebenza kwiziko lophando lwentengiso iCCID (iZiko laseTshayina loPhuhliso loShishino loLwazi) liqikelele ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu, i-OLED iya kuba nefuthe kakhulu kwiscreen esincinci naphakathi. Ngokufanayo, umphathi ophezulu we-BOE Technology uthe emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu, i-OLED iya kuphinda ilinganise okanye idlule i-LCD ngobukhulu obuncinci, kodwa ukubamba i-LCD, inokufuna iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15.
I-MICRO LED IPHUMA NJENGENYE I-TEKNOLOJIYA EKHUSANAYO
Xu: I Ngaphandle kwe-LCD, i-Micro LED (i-Micro Light-Emitting Diode Display) iye yavela iminyaka emininzi, nangona ingqalelo yokwenyani yabantu kwindlela yokubonisa ayizange ivuswe kude kube ngoMeyi ka-2014 xa i-Apple yafumana i-US-based yeMicro LED developer LuxVue Technology. Kulindeleke ukuba iMicro LED isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezinxitywayo zedijithali ukuphucula ubomi bebhetri kunye nokuqaqamba kwesikrini.
I-Micro LED, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mLED okanye i-μLED, yitekhnoloji entsha yokubonisa. Ukusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yitekhnoloji yokudlulisa ubunzima, iziboniso zeMicro LED zibandakanya uluhlu lwee-LED ezincinci ezenza izinto zepixel nganye. Inokunika umahluko ongcono, amaxesha okuphendula, isisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-OLED, inokukhanya okuphezulu okusebenzayo kunye nobomi obude, kodwa umboniso wayo oguquguqukayo ungaphantsi kwe-OLED. Xa kuthelekiswa neLCD, iMicro LED inomahluko ongcono, amaxesha okuphendula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ithathwa ngokubanzi njengefanelekileyo kwizinto ezinxitywayo, i-AR/VR, i-auto display kunye ne-mini-projector.
Nangona kunjalo, iMicro LED isenazo ezinye iibhotile zetekhnoloji kwi-epitaxy, ukuhanjiswa kobuninzi, isekethe yokuqhuba, ukufaka imibala ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokubeka iliso kunye nokulungiswa. Ikwanayo neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ngexesha elifutshane, ayinakukhuphisana ne-LCD yendabuko. Kodwa njengesizukulwana esitsha setekhnoloji yokubonisa emva kwe-LCD kunye ne-OLED, iMicro LED ifumene ingqalelo ebanzi kwaye kufuneka yonwabele urhwebo olukhawulezayo kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ezayo.
I-QUANTUM DOT IZIBANDELA UKHUPHISWANO
Peng: Iza kwichaphaza le-quantum. Okokuqala, i-TV ye-QLED kwimarike namhlanje yingcamango elahlekisayo. Amachaphaza e-Quantum luhlobo lwe-semiconductor nanocrystals, ubude bayo be-wavelength bunokuthi bulungiswe ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-quantum confinement effect. Ngenxa yokuba ziikristale ezingaphiliyo, amachaphaza e-quantum kwizixhobo zokubonisa azinzile kakhulu. Kwakhona, ngenxa yobume babo bekristale enye, umbala wokukhupha amachaphaza e-quantum unokuba nyulu kakhulu, ochaza umgangatho wombala wezixhobo zokubonisa.
Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, amachaphaza e-quantum njengezinto ezikhupha ukukhanya anxulumana ne-OLED kunye ne-LCD. Ii-TV ezibizwa ngokuba yi-QLED TVs ezimarikeni ngoomabonakude be-LCD be-quantum-dot abaphuculweyo, abasebenzisa amachaphaza e-quantum ukuthatha indawo yephosphors eluhlaza nabomvu kwiyunithi yesibane sangasemva se-LCD. Ngokwenza njalo, iziboniso zeLCD ziphucula kakhulu ubunyulu bombala wazo, umgangatho wemifanekiso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okunokubakho. Iindlela zokusebenza zamachaphaza e-quantum kwezi ziboniso ze-LCD ziphuculweyo yi-photoluminescence yazo.
Kubudlelwane bayo ne-OLED, i-quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) ngandlela ithile inokuthathwa njengezixhobo ze-electroluminescence ngokutshintshela izinto eziphilayo ezikhupha ukukhanya kwi-OLED. Nangona i-QLED kunye ne-OLED zinesakhiwo esiphantse safana, zikwanomohluko obonakalayo. Ngokufana ne-LCD eneyunithi yokukhanyisa i-quantum-dot, umbala we-QLED ubanzi kakhulu kune-OLED kwaye izinzile kune-OLED.
Omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-OLED kunye ne-QLED yitekhnoloji yabo yokuvelisa. I-OLED ixhomekeke kubuchule obuchanekileyo obubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga wevacuum ngemaski enesisombululo esiphezulu. I-QLED ayinakuveliswa ngale ndlela kuba amachaphaza e-quantum njenge-inorganic nanocrystals anzima kakhulu ukuba abe ngumphunga. Ukuba i-QLED iveliswa ngokurhweba, kufuneka iprintwe kwaye iqhutywe ngeteknoloji esekelwe kwisisombululo. Ungakuthatha oku njengobuthathaka, kuba ushicilelo lwe-elektroniki okwangoku luchaneka kancinci kunetekhnoloji esekwe kwi-vacuum. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenzwa kwesisombululo kunokuqwalaselwa njengenzuzo, kuba ukuba ingxaki yemveliso yoyisiwe, ixabisa ngaphantsi kwetekhnoloji esekwe kwi-vacuum esetyenziselwe i-OLED. Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela i-TFT, utyalo-mali kumgca wemveliso we-OLED ludla ngokubiza amashumi eebhiliyoni zeeyuan kodwa utyalo-mali lwe-QLED lunokuba ngaphantsi kwe-90-95%.
Xa kujongwe isisombululo esisezantsi ngokwentekhnoloji yoshicilelo, i-QLED iya kuba nzima ukufikelela kwisisombululo esikhulu kune-300 PPI (iipixels nge-intshi nganye) kwiminyaka embalwa. Ke, i-QLED isenokungasetyenziswa kwiziboniso ezinobungakanani obuncinci okwangoku kwaye amandla ayo aya kuba phakathi ukuya kwiziboniso ezinkulu.
UZhao: Amachaphaza e-Quantum yi-nanocrystal ye-inorganic, okuthetha ukuba kufuneka igqitywe ngee-ligands ze-organic ukuze uzinzo kunye nomsebenzi. Indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki? Okwesibini, ngaba imveliso yorhwebo yamachaphaza e-quantum inokufikelela kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso?
Peng: Mihle imibuzo. I-Ligand chemistry yamachaphaza e-quantum iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu edlulileyo. Ukuzinza kwe-Colloidal ye-nanocrystals ye-inorganic kufuneka kuthiwe isonjululwe. Siye sabika ngo-2016 ukuba igramu enye yamachaphaza e-quantum inokusasazwa ngokuzinzileyo kwimililitha enye yesisombululo se-organic, ngokuqinisekileyo eyaneleyo yokushicilela iteknoloji. Kumbuzo wesibini, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zakwazi ukuvelisa amachaphaza e-quantum ngobuninzi. Okwangoku, yonke le mveliso yevolumu yakhelwe ukwenziwa kweeyunithi zokukhanyisa ngasemva kwi-LCD. Kukholelwa ukuba zonke iiTV ze-high-end ezivela kwi-Samsung ngo-2017 zizonke ze-LCD TV ezine-quantum-dot backlighting units. Ukongeza, iNanosys yase-United States ikwavelisa amachaphaza omninzi kwiiLCD TVs. INajingTech eHangzhou, eTshayina ibonisa amandla okuvelisa ukuxhasa abenzi beTV baseTshayina. Ngokolwazi lwam, i-NajingTech iseka umgca wemveliso we-10 yezigidi zeeseti zemibala yeTV kunye neeyunithi zokukhanya ze-quantum-dot ngonyaka.
Iimfuno zangoku zaseTshayina azinakwaneliswa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkampani zangaphandle. Kukwayimfuneko ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zemarike yasekhaya. Yiyo loo nto iTshayina kufuneka iphuhlise isakhono sayo sokuvelisa i-OLED.
— uLiangsheng Liao
IINQITHA zaseTshayina kwi-market DISPLAY
UZhao: Iinkampani zaseMzantsi Korea zityale imali enkulu kwi-OLED. Ngoba? Yintoni enokufundwa yiTshayina kumava ayo?
UHuang: I Ngokusekwe ekuqondeni kwam i-Samsung, oyena mdlali uphambili waseKorea kwimakethi ye-OLED, asinakuthi yayinombono wangaphambili kwasekuqaleni. I-Samsung yaqala ukutyalomali kwi-AMOLED (i-active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, uhlobo oluphambili lwe-OLED esetyenziswa kwimboni yokubonisa) malunga ne-2003, kwaye ayizange iqonde ukuveliswa kobuninzi kude kube yi-2007. Imveliso yayo ye-OLED ifikelele kwinzuzo kwi-2010. Ukususela ngoko , I-Samsung ngokuthe ngcembe ikhusele iwonga lentengiso ye-monopoly.
Ke, kwasekuqaleni, i-OLED yayiyenye yeendlela ezininzi zetekhnoloji zeSamsung. Kodwa inyathelo ngenyathelo, ifumene iwonga eliluncedo kwimarike kwaye ithande ukuyigcina ngokwandisa umthamo wayo wemveliso.
Esinye isizathu ziimfuno zabathengi. I-Apple iye yazibamba ekusebenziseni i-OLED iminyaka ethile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iingxabano zepatent kunye ne-Samsung. Kodwa emva kokuba i-Apple iqalile ukusebenzisa i-OLED kwi-iPhone X yayo, iye yanempembelelo enkulu kulo lonke ishishini. Ke ngoku i-Samsung yaqala ukuvuna utyalo-mali lwayo oluqokelelweyo kwintsimi kwaye yaqala ukwandisa umthamo ngakumbi.
Kwakhona, i-Samsung ichithe ixesha elininzi kunye neenzame kuphuhliso lwekhonkco lemveliso. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini okanye engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo, iJapan yayinelona khonkco lipheleleyo lemveliso yeemveliso zokubonisa. Kodwa okoko i-Samsung ingene ebaleni ngelo xesha, ichithe amandla amakhulu ukulima iifemu zaseKorea ezisezantsi nezisezantsi. Ngoku iRiphabhlikhi yaseKorea (ROK) abavelisi baqala ukuthatha isabelo esikhulu kwimarike.
I- Liao: Abavelisi baseMzantsi Korea ababandakanya i-Samsung kunye ne-LG Electronics balawule i-90% yobonelelo lwehlabathi jikelele lweepaneli ze-OLED eziphakathi kunye nezincinci. Ukusukela oko i-Apple yaqala ukuthenga iiphaneli ze-OLED kwi-Samsung kwiimveliso zayo zeselfowuni, kwakungekho ziphaneli zaneleyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa eTshayina. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zangoku zaseTshayina azinakwaneliswa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkampani zangaphandle. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokuba i-China inemarike enkulu yeeselfowuni, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuzalisekisa amabango ngeenzame zasekhaya. Yiyo loo nto iTshayina kufuneka iphuhlise isakhono sayo sokuvelisa i-OLED.
UHuang: I Ukubaluleka kokwenziwa kwe-LCD yaseTshayina kuphezulu ngoku kwihlabathi jikelele. Xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwe-LCD, imeko yaseTshayina kwi-OLED iphuculwe ngokumangalisayo. Xa kuphuhliswa i-LCD, i-China yamkele ipateni yentshayelelo-absorption-renovation. Ngoku kwi-OLED, sinepesenti ephezulu kakhulu yezinto ezintsha ezizimeleyo.
Ziphi iingenelo zethu? Okokuqala yimarike enkulu kunye nokuqonda kwethu iimfuno zabathengi (basekhaya).
Emva koko ngumlinganiselo wemithombo yoluntu. Umzi-mveliso omnye omkhulu uya kudala imisebenzi engamawaka aliqela, kwaye uya kudibanisa lonke ikhonkco lemveliso, elibandakanya amawakawaka abasebenzi. Imfuno yokubonelela ngaba njineli kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono banokuzalisekiswa e-China.
Inzuzo yesithathu ziinkxaso zesizwe. Urhulumente unenkxaso enkulu yenkxaso kwaye amandla abenzi bobugcisa ayaphucuka. Ndicinga ukuba abavelisi baseTshayina baya kuba nempumelelo enkulu kwi-OLED.
Nangona singenakuthi izibonelelo zethu ziyoyisa kwi-ROK, apho i-Samsung kunye ne-LG bezilawula intsimi iminyaka emininzi, siye safumana inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izinto kunye neenxalenye ze-OLED. Sikwanayo nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuqamba izinto ezintsha kubuchwephesha benkqubo kunye noyilo. Sele sinabenzi abakhulu abaliqela, abanje ngeVisionox, BOE, EDO kunye neTianma, abanoovimba ababalulekileyo betekhnoloji.
AMATHUBA OKUTHI ITSHAYINA ILAWULE IQLED?
UZhao: Yintoni i-China ezimeleyo entsha okanye iteknoloji ethelekisa izibonelelo kwi-QLED?
Peng: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, zimbini iindlela zokusebenzisa amachaphaza e-quantum ekuboniseni, ezizezi, i-photoluminescence ekukhanyeni ngasemva.
Kwi-QLED, amanqanaba amathathu ophuhliso lobuchwepheshe [ukusuka kumbandela wesayensi ukuya kubunjineli kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya kwimveliso yobuninzi] ziye zadityaniswa ngaxeshanye. Ukuba umntu ufuna ukuphumelela ukhuphiswano, kuyimfuneko ukutyalomali kuyo yomithathu imilinganiselo.
-UXiaogang Peng
iiyunithi ze-LCD kunye ne-electroluminescence kwi-QLED. Kwizicelo ze-photoluminescence, isitshixo sisixhobo se-quantum-dot. I-China ineenzuzo ezibonakalayo kwizinto ze-quantum-dot.
Emva kokuba ndibuyele e-China, i-NajingTech (eyasekwa ngu-Peng) yathenga zonke iipatent eziphambili ezenziwe ndim e-United States phantsi kwemvume karhulumente wase-US. La malungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza agubungela udibaniso olusisiseko kunye nobuchwephesha bokusetyenzwa kwamachaphaza e-quantum. I-NajingTech sele imisele isakhono semveliso enkulu yamachaphaza e-quantum. Ngokuthelekiswa, iKorea-emelwe yi-Samsung-yinkampani ekhokelayo ngoku kuyo yonke imiba yomboniso, ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu ekurhwebeni kwe-quantum-dot displays. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2016, i-Samsung yafumana i-QD Vision (umphuhlisi okhokelayo weteknoloji ye-quantum-dot esekelwe e-United States). Ukongeza, i-Samsung ityale imali kakhulu ekuthengeni amalungelo abenzi anxulumene ne-quantum-dot kunye nokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji.
I-China ikhokela kumazwe ngamazwe kwi-electroluminescence okwangoku. Ngapha koko, yayiyi-2014 Nature upapasho liqela lezazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseZhejiang ebonakalise ukuba i-QLED inokufikelela kwiimfuno ezingqongqo zokubonisa izicelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngubani oza kuba ngophumeleleyo wokugqibela kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwi-electroluminescence ayikacaci. Utyalo-mali lwaseTshayina kwitekhnoloji ye-quantum-dot lusalela emva kwe-US kunye ne-ROK. Ngokusisiseko, uphando lwe-quantum-dot lugxile e-US kuninzi lwembali yalo, kwaye abadlali baseMzantsi Korea batyale imali kakhulu kweli cala.
Kwi-electroluminescence, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibekhona kunye ne-OLED ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba, kwiscreen esincinci, isisombululo se-QLED sithintelwe bubugcisa bokushicilela.
UZhao: Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-QLED iya kuba neenzuzo ngaphezu kwe-OLED ngexabiso okanye imveliso yobuninzi? Ngaba iya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi kune-LCD?
Peng: Ukuba i-electroluminescence inokufezekiswa ngempumelelo ngoshicilelo, iya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi, malunga ne-1/10 kuphela yeendleko ze-OLED. Abavelisi abafana ne-NajingTech kunye ne-BOE e-China baye babonisa iziboniso zokuprinta ngamachaphaza e-quantum. Okwangoku, i-QLED ayikhuphisani ne-OLED ngokuthe ngqo, inikwe imarike yayo kwiscreen esincinci. Ngexesha elidlulileyo, uGqr. Huang ukhankanye izigaba ezithathu zophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe, ukusuka kumbandela wesayensi ukuya kubunjineli kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya kwimveliso yobuninzi. Kwi-QLED, izigaba ezithathu ziye zadityaniswa kunye ngexesha elinye. Ukuba umntu ufuna ukuphumelela ukhuphiswano, kuyimfuneko ukutyalomali kuyo yomithathu imilinganiselo.
UHuang: I Xa i-OLED ithelekiswa ne-LCD kwixesha elidlulileyo, ininzi yeenzuzo ze-OLED zaye zagxininiswa, ezifana ne-gamut yombala ophezulu, umahluko ophezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuphendula njalo njalo. Kodwa izibonelelo ezingentla kuya kuba nzima ukuba ngowona mgangatho uphezulu ukwenza abathengi bakhethe ukutshintshwa.
Kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka ukuba umboniso oguquguqukayo uya kukhokelela ekugqibeleni inzuzo yokubulala. Ndicinga ukuba i-QLED iya kujongana nemeko efanayo. Iyintoni inzuzo yayo yokwenyani xa ithelekiswa ne-OLED okanye iLCD? Kwi-QLED, kubonakala ngathi bekunzima ukufumana inzuzo kwiscreen esincinci. UGqr Peng ucebise ukuba inzuzo yayo ilele kwiscreen esiphakathi, kodwa yintoni eyahlukileyo?
Peng: Iintlobo ezimbini zeenzuzo eziphambili ze-QLED zixoxwa ngasentla. Enye, i-QLED isekelwe kwi-teknoloji yoshicilelo olusekelwe kwisisombululo, esinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nesivuno esikhulu. Ezimbini, i-quantum-dot emitters vender ye-QLED enombala omkhulu we-gamut, umgangatho wemifanekiso ephezulu kunye nobomi besixhobo esiphezulu. Isikrini esiphakathi sesona silula kwiitekhnoloji ze-QLED ezizayo kodwa i-QLED yesikrini esikhulu mhlawumbi sisongezo esifanelekileyo emva koko.
UHuang: I Kodwa abathengi banokungamkeli kuphela uluhlu olungcono lwemibala ebanzi ukuba bafuna ukuhlawula imali engaphezulu koku. Ndingacebisa ukuba i-QLED ithathele ingqalelo utshintsho kwimigangatho yombala, efana ne-BT2020 esanda kukhutshwa (echaza i-TV ye-4 K ephezulu), kunye nezicelo ezitsha ezizodwa ezingenakoneliswa zezinye iitekhnoloji. Ikamva le-QLED libonakala lixhomekeke ekuvuthweni kobugcisa bokushicilela.
Peng: Umgangatho omtsha (BT2020) ngokuqinisekileyo unceda i-QLED, inikwe i-BT2020 ithetha i-gamut yombala obanzi. Phakathi kweetekhnoloji ezixoxwe namhlanje, ukuboniswa kwe-quantum-dot kuyo nayiphi na indlela kuphela kunokonelisa i-BT2020 ngaphandle kwembuyekezo yokubona. Ukongeza, izifundo zifumanise ukuba umgangatho womfanekiso wokuboniswa unxulunyaniswa kakhulu nombala we-gamut. Kuchanekile ukuba ukukhula kobugcisa bokushicilela kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-QLED. Itekhnoloji yangoku yoshicilelo ilungele isikrini esiphakathi kwaye kufuneka ikwazi ukwandiswa kwiscreen esikhulu ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu.
UKULUNGISA UPHANDO NEENKQUBO ZOKUQEQESHA UKUKHUTHAZA ITEKNOLOJI YOKUBONISA
Xu: I Ukuze i-QLED ibe yitekhnoloji ebalaseleyo, kusenzima. Kwinkqubo yayo yophuhliso, i-OLED iyandulela kwaye kukho nezinye iitekhnoloji ezikhuphisanayo ezilandelayo. Ngelixa sisazi ukuba ngabanini bamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kunye neetekhnoloji ezingundoqo ze-QLED zinokukwenza ube nesikhundla esilungileyo, ukubamba itekhnoloji engundoqo kuphela akunakukuqinisekisa ukuba ube yitekhnoloji eqhelekileyo. Utyalo-mali lukarhulumente kwezo teknoloji zingundoqo emva kokuba zonke zincinci xa zithelekiswa neshishini kwaye azikwazi ukwenza isigqibo sokuba i-QLED ibe yiteknoloji eqhelekileyo.
Peng: Icandelo loshishino lwasekhaya sele liqalisile ukutyala imali kwezi teknoloji zexesha elizayo. Umzekelo, iNajingTech ityale malunga ne-400 yezigidi zeeyuan (iidola ezingama-65 ezigidi) kwi-QLED, ikakhulu kwi-electroluminescence. Kukho abadlali abaphambili basekhaya abatyale imali ebaleni. Ewe, oku akwanelanga. Umzekelo, zimbalwa iinkampani zasekhaya ezityala imali kwi-R&D yobuchwephesha bokushicilela. Izixhobo zethu zokushicilela zenziwa ikakhulu ngabadlali base-US, baseYurophu naseJapan. Ndicinga ukuba eli lithuba le-China (ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yoshicilelo).
Xu: I Ishishini lethu lifuna ukusebenzisana nedyunivesithi kunye namaziko ophando ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji entsha yekernel. Ngoku baxhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo yeshishini-yabafundi kufuneka incede ukusombulula ezinye zeengxaki.
I- Liao: Ngenxa yokunqongophala kobuchwepheshe be-kernel, abavelisi bephaneli ye-OLED yaseTshayina baxhomekeke kakhulu kutyalo-mali ukuze baphucule ukukhuphisana kwabo kwimarike. Kodwa oku kunokubangela utyalo-mali olushushu kakhulu kwishishini le-OLED. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China sele ingenise iintambo ezimbalwa zemveliso ye-OLED ngexabiso lilonke elimalunga ne-450 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan (iibhiliyoni zeedola ezingama-71.5).
Uninzi lweenzuzo ze-OLED ngaphezulu kwe-LCD zaphawulwa, ezinje ngemibala ephezulu ye-gamut, umahluko ophezulu kunye nesantya sokuphendula esiphakamileyo njalo njalo .... Kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka ukuba umboniso oguquguqukayo uya kukhokelela ekugqibeleni inzuzo yokubulala.
—UXiuqi Huang
Ukunqongophala kwetalente yabasebenzi mhlawumbi ngomnye umba onokuphembelela ukwanda okukhawulezayo koshishino ngaphakathi. Umzekelo, i-BOE iyodwa ifuna ngaphezulu kweenjineli ezintsha ze-1000 kunyaka ophelileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iidyunivesithi zasekhaya ngokuqinisekileyo azinakuyizalisekisa le mfuneko yamandla okusebenza e-OLED aqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ngoku. Ingxaki enkulu kukuba uqeqesho aluphunyezwanga ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeshishini kodwa lujikeleze amaphepha emfundo.
UHuang: I Uqeqesho lwetalente kwi-ROK lwahluke kakhulu. EKorea, abafundi abaninzi abagqirha benza into efanayo kwiidyunivesithi okanye kumaziko ophando njengoko besenza kumashishini amakhulu, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kubo ukuba baqalise ngokukhawuleza emva kokungena kwinkampani. Kwelinye icala, uninzi lweenjingalwazi zedyunivesithi okanye amaziko ophando anamava okusebenza kumashishini amakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iidyunivesithi ziyiqonde ngcono imfuno yoshishino.
I- Liao: Nangona kunjalo, ukufunwa ngabaphandi baseTshayina kwamaphepha kuchasene nemfuno yoshishino. Uninzi lwabantu (kwiiyunivesithi) abasebenza kwi-organic optoelectronics banomdla ngakumbi kwiinkalo ze-QLED, iiseli zelanga ze-organic, iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite kunye nee-transistors zefilimu ezibhityileyo ngenxa yokuba ziyimimandla enemfashini kwaye zinamathuba amaninzi okupapasha amaphepha ophando. Kwelinye icala, izifundo ezininzi eziyimfuneko ekusombululeni iingxaki zeshishini, ezinjengokuphuhlisa iinguqulelo zasekhaya zezixhobo, azibalulekanga kangako kupapasho lwephepha, ukuze ubuhlakani nabafundi baphalaze kubo.
Xu: I Iyavakala. Abafundi abafuni kusebenza kakhulu kwizicelo kuba kufuneka bapapashe amaphepha ukuze baphumelele. Iiyunivesithi zikwafuna iziphumo zophando zexeshana elifutshane. Isisombululo esinokwenzeka kukuseka iqonga lokwabelana nge-industry-academics yeengcali kunye nezibonelelo ezivela kumacala amabini ukuba zihambe ziye komnye. Izifundiswa kufuneka ziphuhlise uphando olusisiseko ngokwenene. Ishishini lifuna ukusebenzisana nonjingalwazi abangabanini bophando olunjalo.
UZhao: Namhlanje kukho ukujonga okuhle, iingxoxo kunye neengcebiso. Intsebenziswano yophando lweshishini-kwezemfundo ibalulekile kwikamva lobuchwephesha bemiboniso yaseTshayina. Sonke kufuneka sisebenze nzima kule nto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-22-2021