1. Umqondo wokutshala imali oyisisekelo
Ukukhula kohlangothi lokufunwayo yisizathu esikhulu sokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wokubonisa we-LED. Ukuthuthuka komkhakha kuhlale kugxile ezintweni ezibalulekile ama-LED adinga ukufaka ezinye izindlela zokubonisa. Ukuvela kwezikhala ezincane kubone ukushintshwa kwezikrini zangaphakathi ze-DLP ne-LCD ngama-LED. Ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko, isikhala esincane sisukile enkambini yokubonisa yobuchwepheshe siye ekungeneni kwesizinda sokubonisa okubanzi kwesizinda.
Umnyombo wokukhula kwamanje Isibonisi ekungeneni okuqhubekayo kwezikhala ezincane, kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa ngcono kwemikhiqizo yokuqala emkhakheni wokubonisa okhokhelwayo, ukungena kwesidingo kusuka kumayunithi okuphatha esifundazwe nakomasipala kuya ezifundeni nasezifundeni, kanye nokufunwa okusha ekwakhiweni kwesikhulumi sokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Imakethe yokubukisa ezohwebo isesencane. Esikhathini esizayo, ukukhula kwezidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme emikhakheni engaphansi efana nokukhangisa ngezinto zokuhamba, ezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, namakamelo ezinkomfa kuzoletha ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi zemakethe. Phesheya kwezilwandle, ngemuva kokuthi iphimbo elincane lingene esigabeni sokukhula okuphezulu kusukela ngo-2018, isidingo sokukhonjiswa kwezebhizinisi, ezemidlalo, nokuqashisa nezinye izinkambu ze-pan-commercial siqinile, futhi isidingo sonke somkhakha wezentengiselwano we-LED wemboni siyabonakala. Njengokwandiswa kwe-pitch encane, iMini LED ithole ukukhiqizwa kwesikali esincane. Izongena endaweni yasekhaya ngokuzayo, futhi indawo yokufaka esikhundleni se-LED izothuthukiswa futhi. Ngokuzayo, intuthuko ebuchwephesheni obukhiye beMicro LED izonikeza amandla izibonisi ze-LED ukungena emkhakheni we-electronics yomthengi.
Kuhlanganiswe nesimo sokunikezela, uhlangothi lwezimboni ze-LED selukhulile, umthamo wokukhiqiza womhlaba wonke ushintshele ezweni laseChina, kanti imakethe yasekhaya inezinga eliphakeme lokuhlungwa kwemboni. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe kochungechunge lwemboni kuqhubekile nokuqinisa ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke kwabakhiqizi be-LED. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvuselelwa futhi buphendulwa, ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ngokuzayo kuzogxila kakhulu kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili kule mboni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzuzo zesikali kuzothuthukisa ngokwengeziwe isheya lemakethe labakhiqizi abahamba phambili.
Ngokuya ngezahlulelo ezingenhla embonini, sibheka ngokunzulu amathuba emakethe kanye nezingozi zokulinganisa ekukhetheni izinhloso zomuntu ngamunye zokutshala imali. Izinhloso ezibekiwe eziphakanyisiwe zifaka i-Unilumin Technology (8.430, -0.03, -0.35%) (300232), i-AOTO Electronics (6.050, 0.09, 1.51%) (002587). Kunconywa ukuthi unake izinhloso ezibandakanya i-Leyard (6.660, 0.03, 0.45%) (300296), i-National Star Optoelectronics (13.360, -0.21, -1.55%) (002449), i-Mulinsen (16.440, -0.56, -3.29% ) (002745), Jufei Optoelectronics (6.530, -0.11, -1.66%) (300303), iSanan Optoelectronics (27.220, 0.58, 2.18%) (600703), njll.
2. Isibonisi se-LED: kusuka ku-pitch encane kuya kwi-Mini, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubonisa ezentengiso ziyanda
Uhlangothi lokufunwa kwe-LED lugcina izinga lokukhula eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvela ekungeneni okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kwe-pitch encane, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvela kumjikelezo omusha olethwe ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Mini LED. Iphimbo elincane liqale ngokukhonjiswa kochwepheshe, futhi izinga lokungena liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Njengoba izindleko zehla, ukukhangisa kwezebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ezokukhangisa, ama-movie, namagumbi ezinkomfa, sekuyindawo yokukhula enamandla kakhulu. IMini LED izokhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-2018. Ngokunyuka kokusebenza kwezindleko okulethwe izicelo zangemuva ngemuva kwevolumu esindayo, izibonisi zeMini LED nazo zizosizakala futhi zifeze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi okukhulu, kushayele izibonisi ze-LED kumjikelezo omusha wokufunwa.
(1) Ukuziphendukela kwetheknoloji, isibonisi se-LED kusuka "ngaphandle" kanye "ngaphakathi"
Kusukela ukuboniswa kwe-LED kungene emakethe yohlelo lokusebenza, ibhekane nenqubo yokuthuthuka kusuka ekubonisweni kombala okukodwa nokuphindwe kabili kuya ekubonisweni kombala okugcwele. Esikhathini esisodwa nombala wemibala emibili, izici zokukhanya okuphezulu kwama-LED zazisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa isignali, kufaka phakathi amasiginali womgwaqo, ukukhishwa kwemininingwane yasebhange neminye imikhakha. Kuze kwaba ngo-1993 lapho kwasungulwa khona i-chip eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-LED nenani lesicelo sokuhweba, okwenza izikrini ezinemibala ephelele zenzeke. Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela okukhulu kwezikrini zemibala egcwele ye-LED kwenzeka ngemuva kuka-2000. Ngalesi sikhathi, imboni ye-LED yasekhaya yakha isikali, futhi abakhiqizi bezikhangiso basekhaya sebenze imizamo ezimakethe ezifuywayo nezaphesheya kwezilwandle.
Izikrini zokuqala ezinemibala egcwele zazisetshenziswa kakhulu kwizikhangiso ezinkulu zangaphandle, ne-pixel pitch esikrinini, elifanele ukubukwa kude. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, iphimbo le-pixel liyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Ngemuva konyaka we-2010, sekuvele izibonisi ze-LED ezincane, eziye zanweba ukwanda kokuboniswa kwe-LED kusuka ngaphandle kuya ezigcawini zasendlini. Ngemuva kuka-2016, iphimbo elincane liye lahlonishwa kabanzi yimakethe, futhi izinga lokungena lenyuke ngokushesha.
Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, iphimbo le-pixel le-LED linciphisiwe, futhi ukuvela kwamaMini neMicro LEDs kwengeze umfutho omusha wentuthuko embonini. Ku-2018, ama-Mini LEDs anephimbo lamachashazi angaphansi kuka-1mm athola ukukhiqizwa kwesikali esincane futhi aqala ukusetshenziswa kumakhompiyutha ezincwadi ezisezingeni eliphakeme, amalambu wokuqapha amageyimu wokudlala kanye nezikrini ezinkulu zokubonisa zasendlini ezikhungweni zemiyalo, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zingene indawo yesicelo sasekhaya ngokuzayo. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphakeme sebeqalile ukusebenzisa iMicro LED, usayizi we-chip wehlisiwe ngokwengeziwe, futhi umphumela wokubonisa ongatholwa ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo usuthuthukisiwe ngokomgangatho. NgoJanuwari kulo nyaka, iSamsung yethule isibonisi esingu-75-intshi 4K Micro LED. Kulindeleke ukuthi iMicro LED izohamba ngokuzayo. Faka izinhlelo eziseduze kwesikrini, ezisetshenziselwa imikhiqizo yabathengi efana namaselula, amawashi ahlakaniphile, i-AR / VR, njll.
Amandla okushayela akhula ngokukhonjiswa kwama-LED avela ekushintsheni komkhiqizo, futhi umnyombo wokushintshwa komkhiqizo uvela emisha yezobuchwepheshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obusha buvumela imikhiqizo emisha ukuthi ithathe isikhundla semikhiqizo esephelelwe yisikhathi nemidala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingena esikhundleni seminye imikhiqizo yokubonisa yangempela. Ngokuvela kwezikrini ezinombala ogcwele, ama-LED kancane kancane athatha indawo yamabhodi amabhodi wokukhanya angaphandle amakhethini, kuyilapho isikhala esincane sisusa ngokushesha izikrini zasendlini ze-DLP ne-LCD ngokususelwa kunzuzo yokusikeka okungenamthungo, ukugcwaliswa kombala ophakeme, isithombe esifanayo, nokuncane ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe beMini LED neMicro LED kungaqhubeka nokubona ukushintshwa kwezikrini ze-LCD ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezinama-LED.
Emhlabeni wonke, ukwanda okuyinhloko emakethe yokubonisa i-LED kusavela emikhiqizweni emincane, futhi ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwephimbo lamachashazi, ukufunwa okuphezulu kwe-HD / UHD sekuya ngokuya kuba ngumthombo oyinhloko wokwanda.
(2) Isikhala esincane nendawo enkulu, imakethe yokubonisa ezohwebo ikwi-ascendant
Ngokuya ngezinzuzo zezikrini zokuphikisa ezincane ze-pitch encane ne-LCD, izimo zasendlini ezisebenzayo ziyanda. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, yize ama-LED amancane we-pitch abe nemiphumela emihle yokubonisa, izindleko beziphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zafakwa kuqala ezinkambeni zokubonisa ezinjengezempi nezokuphepha. Lezi zinkambu zibeka phambili ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa nemiphumela yokusebenzisa ngentengo, futhi azizweli kakhulu kunezimakethe zomphakathi. . Umphumela wokumiswa kukamasipala emkhakheni wokubonisa okhokhelwayo ukhuthaze ukwanda kwezinga lokungena kwamapaki amancane, futhi izindleko zehlile, futhi sekungene kancane kancane izicelo zokuhweba. Ezemidlalo nokuqashwa esiteji sekuyizigcawu zokuqala ukusetshenziswa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka yamuva nje yentuthuko, izindawo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-LED ezincane zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu: ukuboniswa kobuchwepheshe, ukubonisa kwezentengiselwano, ukubonisa okuqashiswayo, ukubonisa ezemidlalo nokubonisa okudala. Phakathi kwazo, isidingo sokukhonjiswa kobungcweti sigxile emkhakheni wezokuvikela, kuhulumeni, nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi, ngenkathi imibukiso yezentengiso, ezemidlalo, nokuqashisa kuyizimo zebhizinisi zomphakathi.
Njengamanje, ama-pitches amancane asephenduke indawo ejwayelekile yokubonisa kwe-LED, futhi nezinga lokungena emkhakheni wokubonisa okhokhelwayo liyabonakala. Umkhakha wezentengiselwano osezingeni eliphezulu usuphenduke imakethe engaba namandla kakhulu, okubandakanya ukukhangisa, ukuthengisa ezentengiselwano, amakamelo ezinkomfa, amabhayisikobho neminye imikhakha engaphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesibonisi sobungcweti Iphimbo elincane linesikhathi esifushane sokungena, izimo zesicelo ezibanzi, nendawo enkulu yokuthuthuka. Njengoba izindleko zehla, zingakha ngokushesha isikali.
3. Ukungena kuyaqhubeka, ne-boom yokubonisa yobungcweti iyaqhubeka
Isibonisi sobungcweti ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwama-LED amancane avela ngaphandle nangaphandle kwezicelo zasendlini, kufaka phakathi ezempi, ezokuphepha, umyalo wethrafikhi, amandla nezinye izimo ezingaphansi ezihlobene nohulumeni. ILeyard, njengenkampani yokuqala eChina ukukhiqiza ngobuningi ama-LED amancane, njengamanje iphethe isikhundla sokuqala emakethe yokubonisa amabala amancane. Njengoba uLeyard wethule imikhiqizo yamaphimbo amancane ngo-2012, igxila kakhulu emkhakheni wokubonisa okhokhelwayo. Mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwemboni kwemali engenayo ebangeni, umkhakha wezempi waba nesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngonyaka wezi-2012, safinyelela kuma-36.4%, kwalandelwa imikhakha kahulumeni okubandakanya ezokuphepha komphakathi, ezobulungiswa, nezinsiza zomphakathi kuwo wonke amazinga. Ama-ejensi wezempi nohulumeni ndawonye babamba ngaphezu kwe-50% yemali engenayo yezikhala ezincane ngo-2012, base bengena kumabhizinisi nasezikhungweni. Ngo-2015, lawa ma-ejensi amabili asasebenza ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
Imininingwane nezidingo zokubonisa ezihlakaniphile ziyisizathu esiyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kokuqala okuphumelelayo kwama-LED amancane emkhakheni wokubonisa okhokhelwayo. Ama-LED amancane anama-engeli wokubuka abanzi, amanani aphezulu wokuvuselela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye namajoyini angenamthungo, ahambisana nokuphepha komphakathi, umyalo wethrafikhi neminye iminyango. Izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo olubonakalayo nezinguquko. Ngokuzayo, ukukhula kwensimu yokubukisa kochwepheshe kuzoqhamuka esikhundleni sokukhonjiswa okusetshenzisiwe ezinsukwini zokuqala, kanye nomkhuba wama-LED amancane angena ezinhlakeni zokuphatha ezisezingeni eliphansi emikhakheni ephathelene nohulumeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze uvumelane nezidingo ezintsha zokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle kanye nezidingo zokutakula eziphuthumayo, imfuno yomnyango ophuthumayo yokuboniswa isisesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha.
(1) Izinhlangano zokuphepha zomphakathi
Thatha inkambu yokuphepha komphakathi njengesibonelo. Njengamanje, i-DLP, i-LCD splicing kanye nama-LED amancane amancane yizikrini ezinkulu zokubonisa zokuphepha komphakathi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene eChina. Ngokuzayo, iphimbo elincane lizoqhubeka nokufaka esikhundleni se-DLP ne-LCD. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-LED esikhathi sokuqala amancane nawo angene esikhathini seminyaka emi-3- 5 yokushintshwa komkhiqizo. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela endaweni yokuphatha ezingeni lesifundazwe kuya ezifundeni nasezindaweni zokuphatha ezingeni, kucatshangelwa ukuthi isikhungo somyalo wokuphepha komphakathi esigabeni ngasinye sokuphatha sinesikrini se-LED esinezikhala ezincane kuphela, imakethe usayizi wesikhungo somyalo wokuphepha komphakathi kuphela ungafinyelela ku-3.6 billion yuan. Yonke inkambu yezokuphepha nayo ingahlukaniswa ibe ngamagatsha amaningi njengokuphepha komphakathi, ukuvikela umlilo, amaphoyisa omgwaqo, izincwadi nokuvakasha, uphenyo lwezomnotho, uphenyo lobugebengu, namaphoyisa akhethekile. Isilinganiso semakethe yama-LED amancane amancane embonini yezokuphepha sizodlula kude izilinganiso ezingenhla.
(2) Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo
Ekuguqulweni kwezikhungo zoMkhandlu Wombuso ngonyaka we-2018, kwasungulwa umnyango wezokuphuthumayo, owaletha ukuphathwa kwezimo ezingeni elisha futhi waba yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lukazwelonke lokubusa kanye namakhono okuphatha. Ngokwe "Uhlelo Lweshumi Nantathu Lweminyaka Eyisihlanu Lokwakhiwa Kohlelo Lukazwelonke Lokubhekana Nezimo Eziphuthumayo", iChina ekuqaleni isungule uhlelo lwesikhulumi sikazwelonke sezimo eziphuthumayo, futhi ihlela ukukhuthaza inkundla yezimo eziphuthumayo yoMnyango Kahulumeni kanye neminyango nezifundazwe ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuqala isigaba sohlelo lwesikhulumi sezimo eziphuthumayo lukazwelonke. Thuthukisa nokuguqulwa kwesikhulumi esiphuthumayo. Ngokuya ngohlelo lonke loMkhandlu Wombuso, inkundla yezimo eziphuthumayo izotshalwa ezigabeni ezingama-47 ezingaphansi kwesifundazwe nangaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha angama-240 asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye nezifunda kanye nezifunda ezingaphezu kuka-2 200 azotshala imali ekwakhiweni kwesikhulumi esiphuthumayo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-Foresight Industry Research Institute, ipulatifomu kazwelonke yezimo eziphuthumayo yangena ku-inthanethi ngo-2009, kanti iChina yaqala ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwesikhulumi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Usayizi wemakethe wawuyi-yuan eyizigidi ezingama-140 kuphela ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba ukufunwa kwemakethe kuqhubeka, isilinganiso ngo-2014 besicishe sibe yuan 2 billion. Ku-2018, ifinyelele ku-9.09 billion yuan, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lama-40% eminyakeni emithathu. Kubheke phambili ukuthi imakethe yesikhulumi esiphuthumayo izodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngo-2019.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwepulatifomu yezimo eziphuthumayo uhlelo lokuqapha nokubuka okubonwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula okufika ngesikhathi, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo, nokulandela ngomkhondo okunamandla lapho kwenzeka izingozi ezinkulu nezinhlekelele. Uhlelo lokukhombisa i-LED olunamabala amancane luphendula izidingo zobuchwepheshe futhi manje selungenise amayunithi okuphatha kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwesikhulumi esiphuthumayo sekuqhubeka ngokugcwele. Ngokwezibalo ezibheke phambili, kusukela manje, amayunithi angaphezu kwama-30 ezingeni lesifundazwe esingezansi nangaphezulu aseqedile ukwakhiwa kwamapulatifomu ezimo eziphuthumayo, kanti lawo asemadolobheni nasezifundeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu asakhiwa. Isikhala esincane sendawo yokungena sisebuningini benqwaba yamadolobha asezingeni lesifunda kanye nokuhlukahlukene Ipulatifomu ephuthumayo yesifunda esisezingeni lesifunda iyakhiwa.
Ngokuya ngezibalo ezilula, uma izikhungo zomyalo wokuphepha komphakathi zamayunithi okuphatha kuwo wonke amazinga zifakwe isibonakaliso esincane se-LED, usayizi wemakethe ungafinyelela ku-3.6 billion yuan. Njengamanje, ukungena okuncane kwe-pitch kusagxile ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwesifunda kanye nezinga ledolobha, futhi isikhala semakethe sikhulu. Ama-ejensi wokuphepha komphakathi asezingeni azokuba ngumthombo oyinhloko wokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, njengomnyango wezokwakha osemqoka kuzwelonke ngemuva konyaka we-2018, unesidingo esikhulu sezinhlelo zokubonisa. Kubalwa kususelwa kunombolo ehleliwe futhi yakhiwa nguMkhandlu Wezwe. Noma iminyango yokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kuwo wonke amazinga ifakwe isethi eyodwa kuphela yezinhlelo zokubonisa ze-LED, usayizi wemakethe ucishe ube yuan 3 billion. Kusukela kumyalo wokuphepha komphakathi kuya emkhakheni wokulwa nomlilo, ezokuthutha, uphenyo lobugebengu, njll., Kanye naseminyangweni yezokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kuwo wonke amazinga kuya ezimweni ezihlukanisayo eziphuthumayo zezinye izinhlaka zokuphatha, amabhizinisi kanye nezikhungo, isikhala semakethe sonke sokukhonjiswa kobuchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi seqe izigidigidi eziyishumi.
4 .. Ukunwetshwa okubushelelezi nendawo enkulu yemakethe yokubonisa ezentengiselwano
Kusukela kwakhiwa ama-LED amancane, iphimbo lamachashazi liye lehliswa ngokuqhubekayo, kufinyelela intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kusuka ku-P2.5 kuya ku-P0.9. Uma kuqhathaniswa ukwakheka kwevolumu yokuthengisa yemikhiqizo emihle ngo-2016 nango-2017, isabelo semakethe semikhiqizo ye-P2.5 sinciphile sisuka kuma-32% ngo-2016 saya ku-14% ngo-2017, kanti isabelo semikhiqizo ye-P1.5 ne-P1.2 lenyuke ngokushesha, kusukela ngo-2016 isiyonke. Kusuka kuma-34% ngowezi-2017 kuya kuma-53% ngowezi-2017. Izindleko eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe ziqhubekile nokwehla, imikhiqizo enemiphumela emihle yokubonisa emikhakheni emincane yamukelwa masinyane yimakethe, futhi ingxenye yemakethe yemikhiqizo enezindawo ezincane ikhule ngokushesha.
Ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kwephikseli iphimbo, imikhiqizo ye-LED ifake izinkambu eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza, futhi ukwehliswa kwezindleko kuye kwenza ama-LED amancane angena emkhakheni wezentengiso, eba yimbangela enkulu yama-LED amancane agcina ukuchuma okuphezulu. Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela ku-Aowei Cloud Network, isilinganiso semakethe yezentengiselwano yezwekazi laseChina sikhule kusuka ku-15.2 billion yuan ngo-2010 kuya ku-74.5 billion yuan ngo-2018, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe elingu-22.0%. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2020, idlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngokwezigaba, izinga lokukhula lonyaka nonyaka le-pitch encane emakethe yezentengiselwano ngonyaka we-2018 lifinyelele kuma-55.2%, okusasesigabeni sokuthuthuka esisheshayo samasheya aphansi nezinga lokukhula eliphakeme. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinga lokukhula kwezikrini zokusika ze-LCD lingu-13.5%, kuyilapho i-DLP ilinganisa Isikrini sokubonisa sehle ngo-9.7% unyaka nonyaka, futhi isikhala esincane sizoqhubeka nokunikeza ukudlala okugcwele kuzinzuzo zako ezihlukile bese uthepha isikhala esikhulu se imakethe yokubonisa ezohwebo. Izimo zamanje zokuhlukaniswa lapho abakhiqizi besheshisa khona imizamo yabo zifaka phakathi izibonisi ezinkulu zokukhangisa ithrafikhi ezinjengezikhumulo zezindiza kanye neziteshi zezitimela ezinejubane eliphezulu, ezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, namagumbi emihlangano.
(1) Isikhangiso esikhulu sethrafikhi
Mayelana nokuhamba okukhulu, izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu neziteshi zezitimela ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe sezivele zibeke inani elikhulu lezikhangiso ze-LED. Kusukela ekubonisweni kolwazi lwendiza kuya ezikrinini zokukhangisa ezinemininingwane ehlukahlukene, ama-LED angene, futhi kunezimo eziningi ezinhle zokubonisa kwe-LED ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Njengamanje, izinga lokungena kwama-LED amancane ezindaweni zokuhamba aliphakeme. Ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, kusekhona isikhala esikhulu sama-LED amancane. Izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi zezitimela, ukuthuthwa kwezitimela zasemadolobheni kanye neminye imikhakha kuzoqhubeka nokudlulela phambili.
Thatha njengezindiza zezindiza zasekhaya njengesibonelo. Ukuphela kuka-2018, inani eliphelele lezikhumulo zezindiza zezindiza zasekhaya lalingama-235, okuyi-37 yayo eyayinabagibeli bonyaka abagibeli abadlula izigidi eziyishumi. Njengoba izindleko zezikrini ezincane ze-LED zincipha, izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zisebenzise izikrini ze-LED ukufaka esikhundleni samabhokisi akhanyayo Ukwanda kokuzimisela kokukhangisa kuzoletha usayizi wemakethe cishe we-1 billion esikhathini esizayo, futhi kucatshangelwa ukungena kwezinkampani eziboniswayo ze-LED zasekhaya Umkhakha wokukhangiswa kwezimoto phesheya kwezilwandle, kuzoba nendawo eyengeziwe yokwanda ezindaweni zokuhamba zomhlaba wonke.
(2) Imakethe yeCinema
Ukuboniswa kweCinema kungenye indlela emakethe yokubonisa yezentengiso. Njengoba amaqembu wabathengi enezidingo eziphakeme zokubukwa, ama-LED kulindeleke ukuthi angene esikrinini se-cinema ngaphansi kwencazelo ephezulu. I-LED inokugcwala kwemibala ephezulu, ukukhanya okugqamile, umehluko omkhulu, impilo ende, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqagela kwesibani okuvamile kwe-Xenon, izinzuzo zisobala. Uma izindleko zesikhathi esizayo zehlela ebangeni elamukelekayo, indawo ezongena esikhundleni semishini yokuqagela yasekuqaleni iyitiyela elincane Isikhala esikhuphukayo se-LED. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yakwa-Samsung ye-Onyx LED ithengisiwe futhi isingenele emazweni ayi-16 nasezifundeni emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwabo, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokungena. IMainland China yethulwe okokuqala ngamaWanda Cinema ngo-2018, kanti sekusetshenziswe izikrini ezingama-7.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane evela ku-National Bureau of Statistics, inani lama-cinema ama-Chinese (14.180, 0.07, 0.50%) ama-cinema screens lidlule ama-60,000 ngo-2018. Ngokusho kwe- "Mayelana nokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamaCinema nokukhuthaza ukuchuma kweMakethe yamaFilimu" kukhishwe yi-State Film Administration ngoDisemba 2018 Umbono ”, ngo-2020, inani eliphelele lezikrini ze-cinema lizofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-80,000. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga lokungena eliphelele lezikrini ze-movie ezincane ze-LED lifinyelela ku-10%, kusukela ngo-2020, usayizi omusha wemakethe wezikrini zama-movie ungafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, imakethe yamasheya ingu-9 billion yuan, nendawo ephelele yemakethe engu-12 billion yuan. Isitifiketi samanje seDCI kanye nezindleko zezikrini ze-LED kuseseyizinkinga ezinkulu ezinkampanini zokubonisa ukungena emakethe yama-cinema. Ngokuzayo, lapho isitifiketi seDCI sesiphuliwe, izikrini ze-LED zizodlula ubuchwepheshe obukhona ngokwezindleko nekhwalithi, futhi imakethe yama-cinema izongena ngokushesha futhi ithathe indawo yobuchwepheshe obukhona obukhona.
(3) Igumbi lokuhlangana
Isibonisi sokuqala segumbi lenkomfa sisebenzisa ama-LCD LCD TVs. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe nezindleko, kunzima kuma-LCD TV ukufeza ukucaciswa okungaphezu kwama-intshi ayikhulu. Ama-LED angaxazulula leli phuzu lobuhlungu. Njengamanje, imakethe yegumbi lengqungquthela nayo ingene esigabeni sokungena ngokushesha kwezikrini ze-LED ezincane, ezisetshenziswe ngempumelelo kumabhizinisi amakhulu nasezikhungweni. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Aowei Cloud Network, inani lamakamelo okuhlangana eChina selingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-20, kanti umhlaba usufinyelele ezigidini eziyi-100. Uma amakamelo okuhlangana amakhulu naphakathi nendawo enza i-5%, izinga lokungena kwezikrini ze-LED ezincane zifinyelela ku-10%, futhi intengo yesikrini ngasinye igcinwe ezingeni elifanele, imakethe yasekhaya izofinyelela ezingeni lamashumi ezigidigidi, futhi isilinganiso somhlaba wonke sizoba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe.
(4) Ukuboniswa kwezemidlalo
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibonisi se-LED emkhakheni wezemidlalo ikakhulu kufaka phakathi izidingo zesikrini semicimbi yezemidlalo eyahlukahlukene nezinkundla zemidlalo. Inkambu yokubonisa ezemidlalo yisigcawu lapho kusetshenziswe khona izikrini ze-LED ezincanyana phambilini ngemuva kwenkambu yokubonisa yobungcweti. Imicimbi emikhulu yezemidlalo yamazwe omhlaba kanye neyasekhaya imvamisa idinga ukwazi ukukhombisa ngokusobala, ngesikhathi esifanele nangokunemba isimo sangempela semidlalo yezemidlalo. Ukuboniswa kwe-LED okuncane kungenziwa ngezifiso kuzo zonke izici ezinjengokucaciswa nokukhanya ngokuya ngezidingo zomdlalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-LED, izibonisi ze-LED ezincane ezinokwethenjelwa Ukuthembeka kwe-LED kuvumelana ngokuphelele nokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abahlinzeki bezikrini ezigcwele zombala ze-LED zemincintiswano emikhulu yomhlaba baye bavela kaningi emthunzini wabakhiqizi baseChina. Njengonyaka wezemidlalo omkhulu ngo-2020, ama-Olimpiki aseTokyo kanye ne-European Cup kuzokhuphula isidingo sababonisa izikrini. Ngokuzayo, kusukela emicimbini yezemidlalo yamazwe omhlaba neyesifunda kuya emidlalweni yezemidlalo kazwelonke neyasekhaya, kuzoba umthombo obalulekile wokushayela ukukhula kombukiso wezemidlalo.
Ngokusho kwe-International Bureau of Statistics, kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka we-2018, bekunezinkundla zezemidlalo ezingama-661 eChina, kufaka phakathi eyodwa ezingeni likazwelonke, ezingama-58 ezingeni lesifundazwe, ezingama-373 ezingeni lesifunda, kanye nama-229 ezingeni lesifunda. Izinga lokungena selifinyelele ku-10%. Usayizi kuphela wemakethe yenkundla yasekhaya yesigaba ngasinye sokuphatha esondele kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-50. Uma selulelwa ezikoleni, ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalo nasemkhakheni womhlaba, usayizi wemakethe uzokhuphuka ngama-oda amakhulu.
(5) Isibonisi sokuqasha
Isibonisi sokuqasha sigxile ekufuneni okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni yasesiteji, imibukiso emikhulu, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni nezinye izigcawu. Izikrini ze-LED zingaletha ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu nemiphumela yobuciko esiteji, futhi zilethe isipiliyoni esisha sokubuka kubabukeli. Umqulu womdwebo waseChina owethulwe yi-LED emcimbini wokuvula iMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki Yase-Beijing ngo-2008 usuyinkumbulo eshaqisayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezokuzijabulisa, isidingo sokukhonjiswa kwe-LED sikhula ngokushesha, futhi imakethe yokubonisa ukuqasha yaqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokushisa ngo-2016. Izibalo ezifanele zikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2017, imakethe yasesiteji se-LED yomhlaba wonke ifinyelele kwizigidi ezingama-740 zamadola aseMelika, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-14%. Kulindeleke ukuthi kugcinwe ukuthambekela kokukhula eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, futhi isikali kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule sifike ku-1 billion US dollars ngonyaka ka-2020.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, amakhonsathi asezingeni lomhlaba, ukwethulwa komkhiqizo, imibukiso yezimoto ezentengiso, njll emkhakheni wezinga eliphezulu kunezidingo eziphakeme neziphezulu zekhwalithi yesithombe sokubonisa. Izikrini zokubonisa eziphakeme ezingama-4K no-8K zivame ukuvela kuzimo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqashisayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi inkambu yokuqasha ivame ukuhambisana Nesidingo sokwenza ngokwezifiso okwenziwe ngezifiso, izinkampani zokubonisa ze-LED ezinganikeza isethi ephelele yemishini yehadiwe nezinhlelo zokulawula zizothola ukuncintisana okuqinile emakethe emkhakheni wokuqasha.
Ukukhangisa, ama-cinema, amakamelo wengqungquthela, njll. Yizindawo eziyinhloko ze-LED zokuvula imakethe yokubonisa ezentengiselwano, futhi ngokombono we-pan-commercial, ezemidlalo nokuqashisa nakho kungokwesikhangiso sokubonisa. Ngokwezibalo ezilula, emakethe yasekhaya, ubukhulu bezimakethe bezikrini zokukhangisa esikhumulweni sezindiza kuphela sebufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-900, futhi isilinganiso samathiyetha namakamelo ezinkomfa sesedlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10. Ngokuya ngezikhungo zezemidlalo, isilinganiso semakethe yasekhaya yokulungiswa kwezindawo zemidlalo kuwo wonke amazinga sifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-40, futhi kunendawo eyengeziwe yemicimbi yezemidlalo yomhlaba.
Isibonisi se-LED esinezikhala ezincane kanye nesikali sangaphambilini semakethe yokubonisa yobungcweti kulinganiselwa ngesisekelo samashumi ezigidigidi. Noma isikhala semakethe sokubonisa ezentengiselwano sincike ekucabangeni okushiwo ngenhla okungathathi hlangothi, imakethe yasekhaya kuphela engafinyelela esikalini semakethe yamashumi ezigidigidi. Isikhala, endaweni yezicelo zokuhweba emelwe izindawo ezinkulu zokuhamba, amakamelo ezinkomfa, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ukuqashisa, nezindawo zemidlalo, izibonisi ze-LED ezincane sezivele zinamacala acacile namamodeli webhizinisi, futhi kungalindeleka ukungena nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Futhi esikubonayo ukuthi ukuncintisana kwabakhiqizi bezikhangiso ze-LED basekhaya kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Ngokuzayo, uma kubhekwa ukunwetshwa kwesidingo semakethe yomhlaba, kuzoba nendawo eyengeziwe yokukhula.
5. Ukusheshisa ukwanda nokusungula izinzuzo ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle
Ngo-2018, inani lokukhishwayo kwezikhangiso ze-LED eChina lafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-57.6, lapho inani lokukhishwa kwesikhala esincane kwakungu-8.5 billion yuan, elibala u-14.7%, kanti isikhala esincane sisazogcina izinga lokukhula elingaphezu kuka-40%. IGaogong (Highgong LED) ilindele u-2020 Inani lokukhishwa kwe-LED elincane elifinyelela ku-17.7 billion yuan.
Umjikelezo wokufunwa phesheya kwezilwandle ngama-LED amancane asalela ngemuva kwemakethe yasekhaya iminyaka engu-1-2. Isizathu ukuthi izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle zinezidingo eziphakeme zokuqina komkhiqizo nokukhula kobuchwepheshe. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwezinkundla ezincane, ukuzimisela ukwamukela imakethe yaphesheya kuncane kakhulu kunemakethe yasekhaya, ukukhula kwesidingo kwaqala kancane. Ngemuva kweminyaka yamuva yentuthuko, ubuchwepheshe be-small-pitch sebukhulile, kanti nokukhula kwesidingo saphesheya kwezilwandle kuye kwashesha. Ngokwesibikezelo se-LEDinside, imakethe yomhlaba yama-LED amancane izokhula ngezinga elingu-75.0% ngo-2018, kanti imakethe yomhlaba izofinyelela ku-USD 1.14 billion. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokukhula kwesilinganiso, i-LED encane yomhlaba ifinyelele endaweni ephezulu ngonyaka we-2018, kanti iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhula kwemakethe yasekhaya kwakungo-2017, okuqinisekisa umehluko wesikhathi cishe sonyaka owodwa.
Ama-LED amancane amancane ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle angowokuqala ukuba asetshenziswe emkhakheni wezohwebo, futhi izimakethe zokukhangisa, ezemidlalo nezokuqasha ziyahola. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukufunwa kwezinhlelo zokukhonjiswa kwe-LED ezincane kwezobuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu, imikhosi yamasiko, imibukiso yezimoto, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, ukukhangisa kwezimoto nezinye izinkambu ezimakethe zaphesheya kukhule ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, isidingo sezitolo ezidayisa umkhiqizo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo, izitudiyo zomsakazo kanye nethelevishini naso siyakhula kancane kancane. Izidingo zaphesheya kwezilwandle zivela kakhulu emikhiqizweni ephezulu, futhi izindawo ezinamandla okuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo nazo zigxile ekubonisweni kwezebhizinisi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka yentuthuko, izinkampani ze-LED ezincane ezifuywayo zasekhaya sezincintisana emhlabeni jikelele. ILeyard ne-Unilumin Technology babe yizinkampani ezintathu ezihamba phambili kusabelo semakethe yamazwe amancane. Isidingo esivela ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ikakhulukazi ukufunwa kwezikhangiso ezisezingeni eliphakeme, sisadluliselwa kubakhiqizi basekhaya futhi sihlinzekwa yizinkampani zokubonisa ze-LED zasekhaya. Imali engenayo yaphesheya yabakhiqizi abakhulu inyuke unyaka nonyaka, okuthe ngakolunye uhlangothi kuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwemikhiqizo ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenziwa ngcono kokuncintisana komhlaba wonke. Njengoba ukufunwa phesheya kwezilwandle ngamanani amahle kushesha kusuka ku-2018, kuzoqhubeka nokugcina izinga lokukhula eliphezulu ngokuzayo. Isimo semakethe sabakhiqizi basekhaya sinquma ukuthi bazothola indawo eyengeziwe yokukhula kwezilwandle.
(1) I-Mini LED isilungele ukuhamba, isikhala seMicro asinamkhawulo
Ama-Mini Minis azuze ukukhiqizwa kwesikali esincane. Njengamanje, amalambu akwaMini amancane azoba ngawokuqala ukufeza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezentengiselwano okuqhutshwa ngabakhiqizi bokugcina. Ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kuzonciphisa izindleko zama-Mini LEDs futhi kusize iMini RGB ifinyelele ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Njengamanje, lonke uchungechunge lwemboni lunezimo zobuchwepheshe, amandla wokukhiqiza, kanye nomkhiqizo. Izofinyelela ivolumu ephezulu esikhathini esifushane, kanti iMini LED ibe ngumjikelezo omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwesibonisi se-LED. IMicro LED izongena emkhakheni we-electronics yabathengi njengamaselula namadivayisi agqokekayo ngokuzayo. Isikhala semakethe sibanzi. Kusesigabeni semithombo yobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlelwa kwabakhiqizi abaphambili kusheshisa ukufika kwenkathi ye-Micro LED.
a. I-Mini LED: ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuyenzeka, intuthuko ingena kulayini osheshayo
Ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo lobuchwepheshe nentuthuko, ama-chip e-LED aguqukele osayizi abancane, kwathi iMini LED neMicro LED zazalwa. I-Mini LED, njengesigaba soguquko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-pitch encane kuya kwi-Micro LED, izuza njengefa izinzuzo zokusika okungenamthungo, umbala obanzi we-gamut, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kanye nempilo ende yama-LED endabuko amancane, ngenkathi futhi inokuvikelwa okungcono nencazelo ephakeme , Ukuze ube ubuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo sokubonisa i-LED.
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-Mini LED ikakhulukazi kumikhombandlela emibili, eyodwa i-RGB isibonisi esiqondile, ukusebenzisa iMini LED kungafinyelela usayizi omncane nesisombululo sesixazululo esiphakeme, enye isebenzisa iMini LED njengesisombululo sangemuva se-TV, ama-Computer monitors, njll. Imikhiqizo yasemuva emincane ithunyelwe ngamaqoqo amancane kulo nyaka, igxile kakhulu kubakhiqizi bokupakisha be-LED nabakhiqizi beziteshi ze-TV. Uma kuqhathaniswa neMini RGB, imakethe yabathengi ebhekene ne-backlight ibanzi. NgoJuni walo nyaka, i-Apple WWDC yethule iPro Display XDR, isibonisi esingu-32-intshi 6K esifana ne-Mini backlight. Imizamo yabakhiqizi bohlobo lomkhiqizo wokugcina izoshayela ngempumelelo i-Layout chain chain, iMini backlight kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi obukhulu esikhathini esifushane.
IMini RGB yakhiqizwa ngobuningi ku-2018, futhi iphimbo lamachashazi elidayiswayo lifinyelele ku-0.9mm. Kuphinde kwethulwe nemikhiqizo engu-P0.7 kulo nyaka. Ngokombono wesifundo sesikhathi, ngemuva kokuthi ukukhanya kwangemuva kweMini kungene ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, umphumela wesikali uzobona izindleko eziphelele zeMini LED Nciphisa, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulise iMini RGB esigabeni esikhulu sokuhweba.
Ngokombono wokuhlelwa kwabakhiqizi abakhuphukayo, abaphakathi nendawo nabasezansi kwezimboni, iMini LED ihlomise ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe, umthamo, nezimo zokukhiqiza, futhi maduze izongena emzileni osheshayo wentuthuko, futhi izoba yimakethe entsha yolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. for LED ekhombisa.
Ngokuya ngosayizi wemakethe, izinga lokukhula le-LED lomhlaba jikelele nelamaShayina lisesigabeni sokuqala esinejubane eliphezulu futhi lizogcina ukukhula kwejubane elikhulu. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo seGaogong LED, isilinganiso semakethe yezwe lami yezicelo iMini LED singama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-300 kuphela ngo-2018 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-2.2 ngo-2020.
b. I-Micro LED: Ubuchwepheshe obuholayo, obukhomba emkhakheni we-electronics yabathengi
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Mini LED, iMicro LED inosayizi omncane we-chip kanye ne-pitch denser doter. Ngokuzayo, izongena emkhakheni wokukhonjiswa kosayizi abancane njengokugqokwa, izingcingo eziphathwayo, namakhompyutha, noma ibe ngenye indlela yobuchwepheshe obudumile bokubonisa be-OLED. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bezobuchwepheshe abahamba phambili emhlabeni njengeSamsung kanye nabakwaSony bakhombise imikhiqizo ye-Micro LED njengezimbukiso. Ngokwezibalo ze-LEDinside, ukuthengiswa kweMicro LED kuzotholakala ngaphambi kwenkambu ye-TV, bese kufakwa amadivayisi agqokekayo, izibonisi, izingcingo eziphathwayo, i-AR / VR, njll. Emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi yabathengi, isikhala sokukhula esizayo silindeleke ukuba sidlule Mini LED.
Njengamanje, iMicro LED isengaphansi kwemikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe njengama-chips amancane nokudluliswa okukhulu, futhi ayikwazanga ukufeza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Kusesigabeni sokulondolozwa kobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kusukela kulo nyaka, abakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphakeme basekhaya nabangaphandle bayasheshisa ukuthunyelwa kweMicro LED. IMicro LED izoba ngomunye umjikelezo omusha wokuthuthukiswa kwesibonisi se-LED ngemuva kwe-Mini LED, futhi ukusuka esigcini esincane kuya ku-Mini kuya eMicro, inqubo yomjikelezo omusha kusuka ekubonakaleni ibe yindlala iyashesha ngenxa yokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe.
6. Ukuhlungwa kweketango lezimboni ze-LED kuhle ekuthuthukiseni ukwanda
Ukuthuthukiswa kweketango lezimboni ezifuywayo le-LED kukhule ngokwanele, futhi ukuhlushwa kwemakethe kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi kukhula kancane kancane kusuka ezansi nomfula kuya phezulu. Enkambini yokubonisa esezansi, izinzuzo zabakhiqizi abahola phambili ziya ngokuya zacaca. Isabelo semakethe sokufunwa okuphezulu sigxile kubaholi. Ukubambisana kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni kwenza abakhiqizi be-LED babonise ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke. Ngezinhlelo ezintsha zokukhulisa amandla ezobuchwepheshe, bazogcina imali engenayo ephezulu ngokuzayo. Izinga lokukhula.
(1) Ukuthengiswa kwempahla kwasekhaya kugxilwe, futhi inzuzo yesikali iya ngokusobala
Iketango lezimboni ze-LED lihlukaniswe ngamachips akhuphukayo, ukupakisha okuphakathi nendawo kanye nezicelo ezisezansi. Njengamanje, imboni yezwe lami le-LED ikhule ngokwanele emhlabeni wonke. Yonke imboni inokuncintisana okunamandla nesabelo semakethe ephezulu emhlabeni jikelele, kanti imakethe yasekhaya inezinga eliphezulu lokuhlushwa, okuye kwenyuka kusuka ezansi nomfula kuya phezulu.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-Gaogong LED, inani eliphelele lokukhishwa komkhakha wezwe lami le-LED ngo-2018 lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-728.7, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe elingu-24.4% eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kuyimboni yokukhula okuphezulu ngokwezinga lokukhula. Mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwenani lokukhipha, umnikelo omkhulu woxhaxha lomkhakha we-LED uvela embonini yohlelo lokusebenza esezansi. Ngo-2018, inani lokukhishwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LED lalingama-84.2%. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, inani lokukhiphayo kwemboni yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LED lenyuke lisuka ku-70% laya ku-84%, kanti isabelo somkhakha sidlula kude isilinganiso samachips akhuphukayo kanye nokupakisha okuphakathi.
Ku-2018, inani lokukhiphayo leketanga lomkhakha wezwe lami le-LED likhombisile ukuthi ama-chips akhuphukayo abalwa ama-2.6%, ukupakisha kube yi-13.2%, kanti izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezansi zaba ngaphezu kuka-80%. Ngo-2018, inani lokukhishwa kwesicelo sezwe lami le-LED lalingu-613.6 billion yuan, izikhathi eziphindwe ka-10 inani lokukhishwa kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 ngo-2009, kanti i-CAGR eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yayingu-25.3%.
Kusukela ngo-2009, umbuso unikeze uxhaso oluqinile lwezezimali embonini ye-LED, okuholele ekutheni kube namandla amakhulu ngokwehla nokwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani entengo ye-chip. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokulungiswa kwephethini lomncintiswano, imboni ye-chip esezingeni eliphezulu manje igxile kakhulu, amasheya emakethe egxile eSanan Optoelectronics naseHC Semitek (9.430, 0.01, 0.11%) nakwezinye izinkampani ezihola phambili, ngo-2018, imboni ye-chip yasekhaya ye-LED I-CR3 ifinyelele kuma-71%.
Ngokombono wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba, inani lokukhishwa kwe-chip ye-LED yaseChina njengamanje lisebenza cishe ngama-40% emakethe yomhlaba.
Umkhakha wokupakisha ophakathi nendawo nawo uhlangabezane nemodeli yentuthuko ephezulu, ngokwanda kancane kancane kokuhlushwa kwemboni kanye noguquko lomhlaba jikelele embonini. Njengamanje, izinkampani zokupakisha zaseChina zenza ngaphezu kuka-50% wenani lomkhiqizo jikelele, lifinyelela kuma-58.3% ngo-2017.
Iphethini yokuncintisana embonini yasekhaya yenze isimo se- "one super, many strong". Ngokombono wezinkampani ezifakwa emakhaya ezifakwe ku-LED ngo-2018, imali engenayo yebhizinisi labakhiqizi be-LED abayisithupha abaphezulu ngonyaka ngo-2018 konke kweqe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5, okuyi-Mulinsen enkulu kunazo zonke, esondele kabili ku-National Star Optoelectronics yesibili ngobukhulu. Ngokombono wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokubonisa i-LED, ngokusho kwezibalo ze-LEDinside, ngonyaka ka-2018, abakhiqizi be-LED be-display base China bakleliswe kuqala emalini engenayo, kwalandela iMulinsen neDongshan Precision (26.200, -0.97, -3.57%).
Umkhuba wemboni yezicelo esezansi ngokuyisisekelo uyefana ngokujwayelekile nomkhakha wemboni ye-LED, futhi izinga lokukhula liphakeme kancane kunalelo lomkhakha jikelele. I-Gaogong LED ibikezela ukuthi kusuka ngo-2017 kuya ku-2020, i-CAGR yezicelo ze-LED ezwenikazi laseChina izoba cishe i-18.8%; ngo-2020, inani lokukhiphayo kwezicelo ezisezansi ze-LED lizofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-890.
Ku-2018, izikrini zokubonisa zabalelwa ku-16% wezinga lemakethe yohlelo lokusebenza esezansi. Kukhona ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi besikrini sokubonisa basekhaya abayi-6. ILeyard ne-Unilumin Technologies banesabelo esikhulu semakethe futhi bangabaholi bemboni. Absen (10.730, 0.04, 0.37)%), Lianjian Optoelectronics (3.530, 0.03, 0.86%) (ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo), i-Alto Electronics, neLehman Optoelectronics (8.700, -0.09, -1.02%) kulandelwa isabelo semakethe. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili banesabelo esiphakeme ngokwengeziwe emakethe yomhlaba. ILeyard ne-Unilumin Technologies babe yizinkampani ezintathu ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ezinamasheya amancane e-pitch.
Sekukonke, imboni ye-LED ibhekane nenqubo yokudlulisela amandla wokukhiqiza ezwekazini laseChina, kanti abakhiqizi basekhaya njengamanje balinganisela ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yemakethe yomhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugxila emakethe yasekhaya kukhuphuke kancane kancane. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqizwa kwe-chip, ukukhuphuka kwezimboni ezikhuphukayo kuyanda, isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi abahola phambili kuzixhumanisi ezahlukahlukene. Ukuzuza ezinzuzweni zesikali, isimo sabakhiqizi abahamba phambili sihlanganisiwe ekuthuthukiseni imboni. Ngokuzayo, izinzuzo zabakhiqizi bamazwe abahamba phambili zizoba sobala kakhulu ezimakethe zasekhaya nezomhlaba jikelele.
(2) Ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke sekuthuthukile, futhi nomphumela oyinhloko womkhakha wokubonisa we-LED ujulile
Njengamanje, ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke kwezinkampani eziboniswayo ze-LED kuya ngokuya kuyajula, futhi izinkampani ezihola phambili ezinesimo semakethe ezinzile zakhiwe. Kusuka ekubonisweni kwendabuko kuya ku-pitch encane, isikhala sokukhula esizayo sivela ekufuneni kokubonisa okuphezulu kwezentengiselwano. Ngokuya ngenzuzo yekhanda, ukunikezwa kwemakethe kuya ngokuya kugxilwe kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili. Uchungechunge lwezimboni ezifuywayo lwe-LED seluvuthiwe kanti umfula nomfula ufeza ukuxhumana okuhle, okunikela ngemvelo yezimboni eyingqayizivele yabakhiqizi bezinkomba ukufeza ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe nokwesekwa kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wekhanda wephaneli yokubonisa uzoqhubeka nokujula.
1. Ukulungiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukunikezela okuphezulu kugxile kumholi
Yize ukugcwala kwemakethe yokubonisa ye-LED esezingeni eliphansi kunaleyo engenhla nephakathi nendawo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukuthengisela kuya ngokuya kugxilwe kubakhiqizi bekhanda. Isabelo semakethe sezinkampani ezibalwe phezulu zokubonisa i-LED eziyisithupha sifinyelele kuma-30.2% ngo-2017. Phakathi kwabo, iLeyard ne-Unilumin Technology banamasheya emakethe avelele, afinyelela ku-14.0% no-7.2% ngokulandelana. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuboniswa kwendabuko kwe-LED, ubuchwepheshe nezithiyo zesiteshi zemikhiqizo emincane iphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, okuyizikhundla ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kakhulu kuphela abangathola isabelo semakethe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlushwa komkhakha kuphakeme kunokuboniswa kwendabuko kwe-LED. Isamba semakethe sabakhiqizi abakhulu sidlula ama-60%, kanti isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi abathathu abaphezulu emakethe yonke yokubonisa i-LED besingu-24.8% kuphela ngo-2017. Phakathi kwabo, abakhiqizi ababili abahamba phambili emakethe encane ye-pitch, iLeyard ne-Unilumin, babe ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesabelo semakethe kwikota yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2018, efinyelela kuma-58.1%.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samanje sabakhiqizi bokubonisa ku-Mini LED, ukunikezwa kwesikhathi esizayo kusazogxila kubakhiqizi bekhanda, ngoba abakhiqizi abanamasheya emakethe ahamba phambili banamandla obuchwepheshe nezimali. Umkhuba wokuthuthuka ususelwa ekubonisweni kwendabuko kwe-LED uye ku-pitch encane uzongena kusuka kusibonisi esizinikezele kuya ekubonisweni kwezentengiselwano nge-pitch encane, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pitch encane kuya kwi-Mini LED kuzoqiniswa futhi, futhi ukugxila emakethe kuzoqhubeka nokwanda ngokuzayo.
2. Kusekelwa iketango lezimboni, izibonisi ze-LED zithole ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke
Iningi labakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke abakwaziyo ukukhiqiza nokuthengisa ama-LED amancane agxilwe ezweni lase China. ILeyard ibalwa kuqala endaweni yamasheya amancane e-LED emhlabeni, isabelo semakethe se-Unilumin Technology yisona esithathu esiphambili, kanti isabelo semakethe yasekhaya silandela uLeyard kuphela. Ngokombono wokusekelwa kwamaketanga ezimboni, inani lemikhiqizo ekhishwa emaphaketheni e-LED lifinyelela ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani lomhlaba, kuyilapho izinkampani ezikhuphukayo ezifana neSanan Optoelectronics neHC Semitek zinikezela ngenqwaba yamachips asezingeni eliphakeme futhi ancintisanayo ukufeza umnotho wezinga yabakhiqizi bokubonisa be-LED basekhaya futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke kunikeza ukusekelwa komkhakha wezimboni.
Ngokwezibalo ze-LEDinside, iChina ibinama-48.8% emakethe ekhombisa i-LED encane ngo-2018, kanti iChina ibelelwa ku-80% we-Asia yonke. Izinkampani zokubonisa i-LED zaphesheya kwezilwandle ngokuyisisekelo zinomkhiqizo omkhulu we-Daktronics nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo emincane ye-LED, kepha izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zezinkampani zase-mainland zaseChina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle, izinkampani ze-LED ezincane ezifuywayo zinezinzuzo ezisobala zokuncintisana ngokwezinga lokukhula nenzuzo.
Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sabakhiqizi emakethe yomhlaba, i-LEDinside yenze izibalo zemali engenayo yabakhiqizi be-LED abaphezulu abayisishiyagalombili. Ngaphandle kwesigaba sesithathu seDaktronics, abakhiqizi abaphezulu abayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka ka-2018 bonke bangabakhiqizi baseChina, kanti abakhiqizi abaphezulu abayisishiyagalombili bahlala ku-50.2% wesabelo semakethe, i-LEDinside ilinganisela ukuthi lesi silinganiso sizoqhubeka sinyuke siye ku-53.4% ngo-2019. Uma kubhekwa okuncane kuphela- Abakhiqizi be-pitch LED display, iyahambisana nemikhuba yezimakethe zasekhaya futhi inokuhlushwa okuphezulu kunabakhiqizi be-LED. AbakwaTrendForce muva nje bakhiphe idatha esezingeni lomkhiqizi we-2019 global-pitch LED display. Abakhiqizi abayisithupha abaphezulu banakho konke Okuvela eChina, iSamsung Electronics izobekwa endaweni yesikhombisa, kuthi abathathu abahamba phambili bazobalwa ngama-49.5%, kuthi abayisikhombisa abaphezulu babe ngu-66.4%. Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngemuva kweminyaka yentuthuko, abakhiqizi bezikhangiso ze-LED basekhaya sebezinzile ku-echelon yokuqala emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi amandla e-pitch encane anele ukunika ukudlala okuhle kwabo emakethe yezentengiso.
3. Amandla okukhiqiza abakhiqizi ayaqhubeka nokukhula, ebeka isisekelo sokukhula kwesikali esizayo
Ngokombono wemali engenayo yabakhiqizi abakhulu abayisithupha abakhombisa ama-LED kuphela, ngenxa yokuthi izimbiza ezincane seziyinsakavukela ku-2016, imali engenayo yokuthengisa yabakhiqizi abayisithupha inyuke unyaka nonyaka, kanye nokwanda kweLeyard ne-Unilumin Technology okuvelele kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso sokukhula kwemali engenayo, izinga lokukhula labakhiqizi abaphezulu nalo liphakeme kunelabanye abakhiqizi. Phakathi kwabo, i-Unilumin Technology yangena ngempumelelo emakethe ngokushesha ngemodeli yokusabalalisa, ngezinga lokukhula eliphakeme kakhulu ku-2017-2018. Abakhiqizi abanesabelo semakethe esisezingeni eliphansi baba izinkanyezi ezikhulayo engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, futhi ukukhula kwabo kwemali engenayo kudlule okwenziwa ngabakhiqizi bamakhanda, kwaba nokukhula okungaphezulu kuka-35%, ngenxa yemizamo yabo ekubonisweni kwamaphimbo amancane.
Ngenkathi isidingo samapaki amancane sikhula ngokushesha, ukukhula kwemali engenayo yabakhiqizi bezikhangiso ze-LED kuhambisana nokwandiswa kwamandla. Uma kubhekwa ukukhula kwemali engenayo yokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali eyinhloko yabakhiqizi be-LED abane kusukela ngo-2016 kuya engxenyeni yokuqala yowezi-2019, imali engenayo yokusebenza ehlanganisiwe igcine izinga lokukhula elingaphezu kuka-20%, kanti imali esetshenzisiwe yonyaka isala ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-450. Ngaphandle kokwehla okuncane ku-2018, izindleko zemali zilondoloze ukukhula. Iqhutshwa yimakethe yokubonisa yezentengiso kanye nama-Mini / Micro LEDs, ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kwezindleko zemali kuye kwanda ngo-2019.
Kusukela ngo-2019, abakhiqizi be-LED basebenzise ngamandla ukukhiqiza amandla we-Mini LED. Kulindeleke ukuthi ama-Mini LED amasha asanda kufakwa eminyakeni emi-2-3 ezayo azofinyelela kancane kancane kumthamo wokukhiqiza ohleliwe, futhi nesikali sokukhiqiza sabakhiqizi abakhulu sizokwanda ngokwengeziwe. Isidingo seMini LED siyathembisa, futhi ukunwetshwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kuzobeka isisekelo sabakhiqizi ukuze bazuze ukukhula kwemali engenayo kanye nokwanda kwamasheya ezimakethe.
4. Iseluleko sokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nenjongo ehlosiwe
Amandla ashukumisayo ekwakhiweni kwezikhangiso ze-LED aqhamuka esimeni sokukhula kwephimbo elincane ezimakethe zokubonisa ezentengiselwano kanye nomjikelezo omusha wokunwetshwa kwezidingo odalwe yivolumu esindayo yama-Mini LED. Esikhathini esifushane, umfutho wokuthuthuka kwengxenye ngayinye yezimakethe zokubonisa ezentengiselwano uqinile. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, iMini LED ifinyelela ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezentengiselwano, kuyilapho intuthuko yesikhathi eside ilele kubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe beMicro LED obungena emkhakheni wezogesi zabathengi. Ukuhlungwa kochungechunge lwemboni kuye kwanda futhi izinzuzo zesikali zabakhiqizi abahamba phambili sezivelele. Ngomkhuba wokufunwa okuguqukela ekugcineni, sincoma abakhiqizi abahamba phambili embonini nalabo abanenzuzo emikhiqizweni ephezulu.
(1) Iziphakamiso zokutshalwa kwezimali ezimbonini
Sekukonke, ukukhula ohlangothini lwesidingo yisona sizathu esikhulu sokubonisa kwe-LED ukungena kumjikelezo oya phezulu. Ukuthuthuka komkhakha kuhlale kugxile kokufakwa esikhundleni kwezidingo, futhi ukuvela kwezikhala ezincane kulethe izinguquko eziguqukayo, kuqaphela ukuthi ama-LED asuka ngaphandle aye endlini. Ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko, inkambu yokubonisa yobuchwepheshe ingena emkhakheni wokubonisa wokuhweba obanzi.
Njengamanje, ukufunwa kwezikhala ezincane kusesigabeni sokuthuthuka okusheshayo, futhi izinga lokungena emkhakheni wokubonisa ochwepheshe liphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kuzovela esikhathini esinamandla sokuqaliswa komkhiqizo wokuqala kanye nokungena kwamayunithi okuphatha ezifundazwe nawomasipala emazingeni ezifunda nezifunda. Imakethe isaqala. Ngokuzayo, ukukhula kwezidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ekukhangiseni kwezimoto, ezentengiselwano, ezeshashalazi zama-movie, amakamelo okuhlangana kanye nezinye izinkambu ezingaphansi kuzoletha isikhala semakethe sama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Ngasikhathi sinye, imakethe yezinhlamvu ezincane ezingena phesheya kwezilwandle ingene esikhathini sokukhula ngokushesha, futhi isidingo sonke somkhakha wezentengiselwano we-LED wemboni siyabonakala. Ngasikhathi sinye nokwakhiwa kwephimbo elincane, iMini LED ithole ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abancane, futhi izongena endaweni yasekhaya ngokuzayo. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-Mini backlight kuzokhuthaza ukunciphisa izindleko, kanti iMini RGB nayo izokwenyuka ngevolumu. Imakethe yokubonisa yezentengiso ibekwe phezulu kumjikelezo wobuchwepheshe obusha beMini / Micro LED. Umkhuba wokuthuthuka wesibonisi se-LED esikhathini esifushane, esiphakathi nesikhathi eside ufingqwe ngokulandelayo:
Ngenxa yesimo sokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo, iketango lezimboni ze-LED lasekhaya selikhulile, umthamo wokukhiqiza womhlaba wonke usudlulisele ezweni laseChina, futhi ukugxila embonini emakethe yasekhaya kuye kwenyuka kancane kancane kusuka ezansi nomfula kuya phezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe kochungechunge lwezimboni kuqhubekile nokuqinisa ukuncintisana kwabakhiqizi bezikhangiso ze-LED basekhaya. Ngokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe, ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ngokuzayo kuzogxila kakhulu kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili embonini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzuzo zesikali kwenza abakhiqizi abaholayo ukuthi bazuze okunye ukwanda kwesabelo semakethe ngenkathi kukhuphuka isidingo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lokwandiswa kwamandla lwabakhiqizi abahola phambili luzothuthukisa ukukhula kwesilinganiso semali engenayo. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa ukuthi unake abakhiqizi be-LED abahamba phambili nalabo abanenzuzo ekufuneni okuphezulu.
(2) Isihloko esinconyiwe
Ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni okuphelele, sincoma kakhulu i-Unilumin Technology (300232), inkampani ehamba phambili yokubonisa i-LED, ne-Alto Electronics (002587), umkhiqizi onezinzuzo ezidingweni zokubonisa ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Kunconywa ukuthi unake iLeyard (300296), iNational Star Optoelectronics (002449), iJufei Optoelectronics (300303), iRuifeng Optoelectronics (8.340, 0.34, 4.25%) (300241), Hongli Zhihui (12.480, 0.21, 1.71%) ( 300219), Sanan Optoelectronics (600703), HC Semitek (300708), njll.
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(Umthombo Wokubika: I-Huajin Securities)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2020