Ngo-2020, umthelela walolu bhubhane ulethe ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kanye nokushaqeka embonini Isibonisi . Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, amanani enyuke yonke indlela. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, wonke umuntu ube seceleni kwephrojekthi. Ngemuva kokuqala konyaka, zizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Lesi isimo esingakaze sibonakale kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Pho kungani kwavela lesi simo? Ake ngilalele mhleli ngamunye ngamunye!
Okokuqala, ake sibheke isimo ohlangothini lwe-chip ye-RGB ekhipha ukukhanya. Bethintwe yilolu bhubhane, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwabakhiqizi be-chip ye-RGB engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka odlule lehle kakhulu futhi umphumela wehla; engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, ethinteke ngenxa yokushoda kwezimakethe zomhlaba kanye nokuvuselelwa okuqinile kwemakethe yasekhaya, ngenxa yesibusiso esifihliwe, i-inventory yasuswa ngokuyisisekelo, okuqeda unyaka wesibili olandelanayo wokukhula okungekuhle.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehla kwentengo okuqhubekayo, inzuzo enkulu yabakhiqizi bama-chip e-RGB yokuthengisa incane, futhi abakhiqizi abanawo amandla anele okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips e-RGB. Izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko zokunwetshwa zibekwe ezimakethe ezisafufusa ezifana ne-ultraviolet ejulile, ama-sensor chips, i-GaN, nama-Min/Micro chips. isiqondiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-chip ziye zaqhubeka zikhuphuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo, futhi abakhiqizi be-chip babhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu zezindleko. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane, ama-chips e-RGB azobhekana nethuba lokukhuphuka kwentengo kancane kanye nokunikezwa okuqinile.
Ubuhlalu belambu
Okokuqala, abakhiqizi bemishini yokupakisha njengemishini yokufaka i-die-bonding, imishini yokubopha izintambo zocingo, namateyipu e-spectroscopic babhekene nokungatholakali kwempahla eluhlaza, ukukhuphuka kwamanani okuqhubekayo, kanye nomthelela wokwanda okukhulu kokunye ukupakishwa kwe-semiconductor emishinini. isidingo. Amandla okulethwa kanye nomjikelezo wokulethwa kwempahla yokupakisha kuthinteke kakhulu. Ngenxa yemikhawulo, izinhlelo zokwandisa abakhiqizi bokupakisha zivinjelwe, futhi kunzima ukufeza ukwanda okukhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka. Ngakho-ke, amandla okukhiqiza imishini yokupakishwa kwe-RGB engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka kulindeleke ukuthi afane naleyo ekupheleni konyaka odlule, futhi ngeke ande kakhulu.
Umthelela walolu bhubhane ekubuyeni kwabasebenzi ekhaya kanye nokungabaza ukuya emsebenzini ngowesikhathi eside. Kusenzima ukuqasha abasebenzi emgqeni wokukhiqiza, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa abakhiqizi bokupakisha ngeke likhuphuke kakhulu kusukela ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Ngokuqhubeka nokuduma kwezingqimba ezincane emakethe yetheminali kanye nokuguqulwa okwengeziwe kwamachashazi abe yizicucu ezincane, isidingo sobuhlalu besibani sizokhula. Esikhathini esifushane, ukuhlinzekwa kobuhlalu belambu obupakishwe be-RGB kusengahlala buqinile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintengo zezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, ama-PCB substrates, ama-chips nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ziye zaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okuholela ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zomkhiqizo wezitshalo zokupakisha, futhi abakhiqizi bokupakisha babhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu zezindleko. Ngaphansi kwezinto ezimbili zokuthikamezeka kwamandla akhawulelwe kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zempahla eluhlaza, abakhiqizi bokupakisha bazolungisa ukwabiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza ezigaba zomkhiqizo ngokuya ngezinguquko esidingweni sezimakethe kanye nezinguquko kusakhiwo sezindleko zabo. Nakuba amandla okukhiqiza ewonke ehlala engashintshile, khulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza wemikhiqizo enenzuzo ephezulu ngenkathi unciphisa umthamo wokukhiqiza wemikhiqizo enenzuzo ephansi. Lokhu kuzoholela ekungalinganini ngokwezigaba phakathi kokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kwezigaba ezahlukene zemikhiqizo, okungukuthi, ezinye izigaba azikho esitokweni ngesikhathi esithile, kanti ezinye izigaba azikho esitokweni. Ukungalingani ngokwezigaba kokunikezwayo kanye nesidingo kuzoletha ukuguquguquka kwentengo, ngokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kanye nobubanzi. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane, intengo yobuhlalu besibani se-RGB iyahlukahluka kuye ngabakhiqizi abahlukene, izigaba, namamodeli, futhi umkhuba wamanani nawo uzohluka. Kodwa-ke, kuncike kumthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nezici zezindleko, sekukonke, ukuthambekela kwentengo yobuhlalu besibani se-RGB akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube nokwehla okugcwele, futhi ukucaciswa komuntu ngamunye kungase kuqhubeke nokukhuphuka kancane. Isimo sengqondo sokwesaba “sokuthenga kancane ngenxa yokungathengi okwengeziwe, ukuthenga ngokukhuphukayo futhi ungathengi ngokuwayo” kuzokwandisa ukushoda kanye namathemba okwenyuka kwamanani. Abakhiqizi bemibukiso ephansi bazokhuphula izinga "lokusungula kwezokuphepha" futhi bakhuphule ukuthengwa kwempahla engavuthiwe, okuzobhebhethekisa kakhulu isigaba sokuthi ukunikezwa kocansi kuqinile.
Ngokusobala, lokhu "ukuthenga kusengaphambili okumaphakathi" kohlu lwempahla eluhlaza. Ukwenyuka kwabakhiqizi beziboniso ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukukhuphuka kwenani lempahla eluhlaza, inani elincane, kanye nempahla yomkhiqizo oqediwe, kudinga ukugaywa futhi kusulwe yimakethe yokugcina. Uma imakethe yetheminali elandelayo ingaphansi kwalokho obekulindelekile, ihlangabezana nobuthakathaka noma ukukhula kancane, izothinta isikali sokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nesigqi sokuthengwa kwabakhiqizi bombukiso, futhi izoba nomthelela omusha endaweni yokuncintisana kanye nokuthambekela kwabakhiqizi abalandelayo bamaphakheji. Ngokombono womthamo wamanje wokukhiqiza imishini yabakhiqizi bokupakisha kanye nezinhlelo zokunwetshwa okulandelayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo somthamo oweqile asikashintshi, futhi ukushoda kwamanje kuwukungalingani ngokwezigaba kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo.
I -Driver IC, isistimu yokulawula, i-PCB
Ukushoda komhlaba wonke kwama-wafers kanye nokuminyanisa komthamo wokupakishwa kwe-semiconductor ngezinye izimboni akuholeli nje kuphela ekuhlinzekeni okuqinile komshayeli obonisa ama-ICs kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani, kodwa kuholela kuma-chips e-FPGA, ama-memory chips, ama-chips okucubungula ividiyo. , ama-chips okuxhumana, ama-chips okuphatha amandla, njll. Ukunikezwa yonke indawo kwama-semiconductor chips kuqinile futhi amanani ayakhuphuka. Lokhu kuzoletha ingcindezi ekuhlinzekweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zokushayela i-IC kanye nokulawula abakhiqizi bohlelo. Intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-PCB ikhuphukile futhi amandla okukhiqiza aminyaniswe ezinye izimboni, okuholele ekuhlinzekeni okuqinile kwe-PCB kanye nezintengo ezikhuphukayo, okuzophinde kuthinte imboni yokubonisa i-LED esikhathini eside uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukushoda nokwenyuka kwentengo yama-ICs abashayeli nama-PCB kuhlukile ekushodeni kwama-chips e-RGB, ubuhlalu bezibani ezipakishiwe, kanye nomthombo nokulawulwa kokukhuphuka kwentengo. Owokuqala uthintwa izinguquko esimweni sezimakethe zomhlaba futhi amandla okukhiqiza aminyanisa ezinye izimboni. Ukulawulwa nokulawuleka kwemboni yokubonisa i-LED kubuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sama-IC noma ama-PCB abashayeli be-LED abekwe olwandle olukhulu lwemboni ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke, isikali "sincane kakhulu futhi sincane kakhulu", futhi amaconsi ambalwa amanzi anele. Inqobo nje uma abakhiqizi abathintekayo behlela kahle, babhekane nobudlelwano nabahlinzeki, bahlukanise ubungozi babahlinzeki, futhi balawule umjikelezo wesitokwe kanye nesitoko sokuphepha sempahla esetshenziswayo ebalulekile, ukushoda kungokwesikhashana, futhi igebe ngeke libe likhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kwakamuva kubangelwe ikakhulukazi ukunikezwa kwezigaba kwemboni yokubonisa i-LED kanye nokungalingani kwesidingo kanye nokwanda kokwethuka. Nakuba iphinde ithintwa indawo yemakethe enkulu (njengokushoda kwezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni nezinye izimpahla ngobuningi, ukukhuphuka kwamanani, njll.), ubudlelwano bokuhlinzeka nokufunwa kwemboni Ekugcineni izozilawula ngokwayo.
Isikrini
sokubonisa Umthelela wokushoda nokukhuphuka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa njengama-chips, ubuhlalu bamalambu apakishiwe, ama-IC abashayeli, nama-PCB endaweni yokuncintisana yabakhiqizi ababonisayo akukhawulelwe “ekusweleni” kanye “nokwanda.” Esinye isici esibalulekile esithinta ubudlelwano bokuncintisana ukuthi: "akuvumelanisiwe, izilinganiso ezihlukile." Uma ungaphandle kokuvumelanisa, uzokhushulwa inani kuqala, akusho ukuthi abanye bazokwenyuswa ngesikhathi esifanayo; uma umphakeli wakho eyenyusile intengo, kungase kungabi ngempela ukukhuphuka kwentengo kwabanye abaphakeli babanye abantu; uma uphelelwa kusitoko kuqala, kungase kungabi njalo ukuthi abanye nabo ngesikhathi esifanayo Abasekho esitokweni; umphakeli wakho uphelile esitokweni, akusho ukuthi abahlinzeki babanye nabo baphelile. Ngezilinganiso ezihlukene, uma unyuswe ngo-20%, abanye banganyuka ngo-5% kuphela; uma uphelelwa kusitoko ngo-60%, abanye bangase babe mfushane ngo-10%. “Umehluko wesikhathi” kanye “nomehluko wenani” uye wandisa ukuqhathaniswa kokuncintisana.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kubakhiqizi bokubonisa, akuzona nje izindleko ezinquma intengo yesibonisi. Nakuba abahlinzeki abakhuphuka nomfula bekhuphule amanani ngesilinganiso esikhulu futhi bakhuphula izindleko ze-BOM zesibonisi, intengo yokugcina yesibonisi emakethe inqunywa ukufunwa nokuncintisana. Ikakhulukazi, ukwanda okulindelekile kokushoda kwe-supply chain kukhuphule izinga lokuphepha kwamabhizinisi, okuphinde kwafaka ingcindezi enkulu ekuthengisweni kwemakethe. Uma inani lokuthengisa emakethe lingahlangabezani nokulindelwe yinkampani futhi inani elikhulu lokusungula lisalele emuva, umphumela ungase ube inzuzo encishisiwe (noma imbala ukulahlekelwa), umfutho wamanani aphansi, ukugaywa kwempahla, kanye nokuhoxiswa kwezimali. Ngakho-ke, umthelela wokuntuleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani embonini yesikrini akulethi ngempela umphumela ongenakugwemeka wokukhuphuka kwentengo. Esikhathini esithile, intengo yesikrini esibonisiwe kungenzeka iguquguquke iye phezulu naphansi ngokuya ngezicaciso ezihlukene namamodeli, nabakhiqizi abahlukene.
Enye indaba efanele ukunakwa ikhwalithi. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwezigaba kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo, okuhambisana nokuqothuka kwempahla, izinto ngeke zikhathazeke ngokuthengisa, okuzokwenza izinkampani ngazinye ziyeke ukulawula izinto ezingenayo kanye nekhwalithi, okuholela ezingozini zekhwalithi.
Isimo sokuncintisana esiyinkimbinkimbi nesishubile sibeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zokusebenza kanye namakhono okuphatha ezinkampani zokubonisa. Abahlinzeki abanengqondo bazobeka phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlinzekwa kwamakhasimende abalulekile namakhasimende abalulekile, futhi izinsiza ze-supply chain zizogxila ezinkampanini eziholayo. Phakathi kwamabhizinisi, esikhathini esingakajayeleki kangako, uvivinyo luya ngokuya luhlanganisa ukusebenza kanye namakhono okuphatha ezinkampani ezifana namakhono okuhlanganisa izinsiza, amakhono okumaketha, namandla okulawula ikhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi ukushintshwa kwemboni kuzoqinisa nakakhulu.
Abasabalalisi, osonkontileka nabadidiyeli
Kubasabalalisi bendawo, izinkampani zobunjiniyela, nabahlanganisi, ababhekene nesimo semakethe esiyinkimbinkimbi nesishintshashintshayo, badinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ekukhetheni abathengisi bozakwethu. Abakhiqizi abanezikali ezinkulu, amanani amakhulu okuthenga, kanye nenkokhelo enedumela kakhudlwana lokuthenga kuzosekelwa amaketango atholakalayo akhuphukayo futhi bazoqhudelana kakhulu emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokutholakala okuqinile kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, noma ngabe abakhiqizi bokubambisana bangaletha ngesikhathi kuzoba inkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola amakhono abakhiqizi bokubambisana.
Kafushane, okokuqala, kufanele sivimbele ingozi yokuthi usuku oluthenjisiwe lokulethwa alukwazi ukugcwaliseka; okwesibili, kufanele sivimbele ingozi yokuthi inani elithenjisiwe alinakugcwaliseka; okwesithathu, kufanele sigweme ukuqoqwa kwempahla ngokungafanele kanye nengozi yokuguquguquka kwentengo yemakethe; okwesine, kufanele sigweme izingozi zekhwalithi. Labo bakhiqizi abanohlelo oluphelele lwamanani nokuphathwa kwentengo, ukuvikelwa kokulungiswa kwezintengo, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, nezibopho zokuletha bazothola ukwesekwa okwengeziwe nokuthembela kubathengisi, onjiniyela nabadidiyeli.
Imakethe yetheminali yokubonisa
Ukuvimbela ubhubhane lwasekhaya sekuphinde kwamelana nokuhlolwa kwe-“Spring Festival”. Kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe yetheminali yasekhaya izongena emjikelezweni ojwayelekile wemakethe, kodwa kusenezinga elithile lokungaqiniseki ngokukhula kwayo. Lezi zikhathi ezimbili azikabizwa, kanti nesabelomali sikaHulumeni salo nyaka asikanqunywa. Umthelela wokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo enkulu embonini kusadingeka ubhekwe.
Ngokombono wohlelo lokusebenza lwemboni kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha komkhiqizo wesibonisi ngokwawo, kubonakala sengathi ayikho imakethe enkulu entsha ekhulayo. Okuqinisekile ukuthi ama-pitches amancane azosheshisa ukuthandwa kwabantu, amachashazi azoshintshela ezindaweni ezincane, futhi imakethe enezingqimba ezingaphezu kuka-P1.25 (okuhlanganisayo) izophendukela emakethe yeziteshi ngendlela yonke. Izinga lokukhula kwemakethe ngaphansi kwe-P1.0 ngeke libe phezulu kakhulu esikhathini esifushane. ngokushesha. Izimpi zamanani nakanjani zizoliwa. Umnyombo wempi yentengo awukona ngempela ukunciphisa amanani, kodwa "ukuvula ukusabalala okwanele" futhi ngokuvamile ukwandisa amanani. Uma nginganyusi, kuphinde kube yimpi yamanani.
Ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ingxenye yokuqala yonyaka ibingasadlalwa, futhi ngeke ibe ngcono kakhulu kusukela ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Asikho isidingo sokulindela okukhulu kakhulu ekuthembeleni emithini yokugoma ukulawula ukusabalala kwalolu bhubhane lomhlaba wonke esikhathini esifushane. Incwadi ethi “The Essence of Poverty” ikhuluma ngeminyaka yobunzima nobunzima okuhlangatshezwane nakho ekuqhakambiseni ukugonywa kwechickenpox wezingane emhlabeni wonke, okufinyelele ku-70%. Izinga lokugoma labantu abangenhla akuwona neze umsebenzi olula (njengalokhu kubhalwa, ukugoma kwasekhaya sekufinyelele imithamo eyizigidi ezingama-31 kuphela). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube manje, alukho ulwazi olugunyaziwe olusitshela ukuthi umgomo ungasebenza isikhathi esingakanani. Uma imakethe yetheminali yesibonisi ihlushwa ubuthakathaka nokukhula kancane engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukushoda komfula kuzoncishiswa, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kuzocindezelwa, futhi izimpi zamanani zizoba namandla.
Ngokungeziwe kuphethini eyisisekelo eshiwo ngenhla, izitayela, nokuthambekela kwemikhakha eyinhloko yochungechunge lwezimboni, kukhona abangani abaningi abakhathazeke ngezimakethe ezihlukene, njenge-COB, N in 1, inkomfa yonke-in-one, isikhala esincane sangaphandle, njll., ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe , Ayinamininingwane ngayinye ngayinye, futhi abangani abanentshisekelo bamukelekile ukuthintana futhi nixoxe ngokwehlukana.
Ngamafuphi, imakethe ngo-2021 izobhekana nokungaqiniseki okukhulu nokushintshashintsha uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule. I-Wandaping 52DP.COM izoqhubeka nokunaka ukuthuthukiswa nezinguquko zalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni kanye nemakethe, futhi ikunikeze ulwazi lwemakethe, ukuhlaziya imboni kanye namathemba okuthrendayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-23-2021