Njengoba imboni ye-DRAM ingena ngokusemthethweni esikhathini se-EUV, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-NAND Flash buthuthukela ku-150L edlule.
Abahlinzeki abathathu abakhulu be-DRAM i-Samsung, i-SK Hynix, neMicron ngeke nje baqhubeke nokuguqukela kubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-1Znm kanye ne-1alpha nm, kodwa bazophinde bethule ngokusemthethweni inkathi ye-EUV, i-Samsung ihola phambili, ngo-2021. Abahlinzeki be-DRAM bazothatha indawo yabo kancane kancane. ubuchwepheshe obukhona bokwenza amaphethini kabili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwezindleko zabo kanye nempumelelo yokukhiqiza.
Ngemuva kokuthi abahlinzeki be-NAND Flash bekwazile ukuphusha ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha inkumbulo edlule izendlalelo eziyi-100 ngo-2020, bazobe behlose izendlalelo eziyi-150 nangaphezulu ngo-2021 futhi bathuthukise umthamo we-single-die kusuka ku-256/512Gb kuya ku-512Gb/1Tb. Abathengi bazokwazi ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ephezulu ye-NAND Flash ngemizamo yabahlinzeki yokuthuthukisa izindleko zama-chip. Ngenkathi i-PCIe Gen 3 njengamanje iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sebhasi sama-SSD, i-PCIe Gen 4 izoqala ukuthola isabelo semakethe esandayo ngo-2021 ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo ku-PS5, i-Xbox Series X/S, kanye namabhodi omama ane-Intel's microarchitecture entsha. I-interface entsha ibalulekile ekugcwaliseni isidingo esikhulu sokudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kuma-PC aphezulu, amaseva, nezikhungo zedatha ze-HPC.
Opharetha benethiwekhi yeselula bazokhuphula ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sabo se-5G ngenkathi i-Japan/Korea ibheke phambili ku-6G
I-5G Implementation Guidelines: I-SA Option 2, ekhishwe yi-GSMA ngoJuni 2020, icubungula imininingwane emihle yobuchwepheshe mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-5G, kokubili opharetha benethiwekhi yeselula kanye nokubuka umhlaba wonke. Opharetha kulindeleke ukuthi basebenzise i-5G standalone architectures (SA) ngezinga elikhulu ngo-2021. Ngaphezu kokuletha uxhumano ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, izakhiwo ze-5G SA zizovumela opharetha ukuba benze amanethiwekhi abo ngokwezifiso ngokusho kwezicelo zabasebenzisi futhi bazivumelanise nemithwalo yemisebenzi edingayo. Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuqhubeka ukukhishwa kwe-5G, i-NTT DoCoMo esezinze eJapan kanye ne-SK Telecom esezinze eKorea sebevele bagxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-6G, njengoba i-6G ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezivelayo ku-XR (okuhlanganisa i-VR, AR, MR, ne-8K nezinqumo ezingaphezulu) , ukuxhumana kwe-holographic okufana nempilo, i-WFH, ukufinyelela kude, i-telemedicine, nemfundo yebanga.
I-IoT iguqukela ku-Intelligence of Things njengoba amadivayisi anikwe amandla yi-AI asondela ekuzilawuleni
Ngo-2021, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI okujulile kuzoba yinani eliyinhloko elingezwe ku-IoT, incazelo yalo ezovela isuka ku-inthanethi Yezinto iye kuBuhlakaniphi Bezinto. Ukuqamba okusha kumathuluzi afana nokufunda okujulile kanye nombono wekhompyutha kuzoletha ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwesofthiwe ye-IoT nezinhlelo zokusebenza zehadiwe. Ngokucabangela ukuguquguquka komkhakha, ukuvuselela umnotho, kanye nesidingo sokufinyelela kude, i-IoT kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukwamukelwa ngezinga elikhulu kuwo wonke ama-verticals athile amakhulu, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlakaniphile. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile, ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokungathinteki kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukufika kwemboni engu-4.0. Njengoba amafekthri ahlakaniphile aphishekela ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, nokusebenza kahle, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuzohlomisa amadivaysi asemaphethelweni, njengama-cobots nama-drones, ngamakhono anembile nakakhulu okuhlola, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule okuzenzakalelayo kube ukuzimela. Ngaphambili kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okukhaliphile, ukwamukelwa kwe-AI kungaguqula idathasethi yezokwelapha ekhona ibe amandla okwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo kanye nokunwetshwa kwendawo yesevisi. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuletha ukuqashelwa kwesithombe esishisayo esisheshayo esingasekela inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo zomtholampilo, i-telemedicine, kanye nezicelo zosizo lokuhlinzwa. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezishiwo ngenhla kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenze njengemisebenzi ebalulekile egcwaliswe i-IoT yezokwelapha enikwe amandla yi-AI ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kusukela emitholampilo ehlakaniphile kuye ezikhungweni ze-telemedicine.
Ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezibuko ze-AR nama-smartphones kuzoqala igagasi lezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambanayo
Izibuko ze-AR zizodlulela ekwakhiweni okuxhumeke ku-smartphone ngo-2021 lapho i-smartphone isebenza njengenkundla yekhompyutha yezingilazi. Lo mklamo uvumela ukwehliswa okukhulu kwezindleko nesisindo sezibuko ze-AR. Ikakhulukazi, njengoba indawo yenethiwekhi ye-5G ivuthwa kakhulu ngo-2021, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-smartphones e-5G kanye nezibuko ze-AR kuzovumela lezi zakamuva ukuthi zingagcini nje ngokuqhuba izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ngokushelela, kodwa futhi zifeze ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuzijabulisa komuntu siqu kokubukwayo ngokusebenzisa i-computing eyengeziwe. amandla Smartphones. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-smartphone brand kanye nabaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula kulindeleke ukuthi bangene emakethe yezibuko ze-AR ngezinga elikhulu ngo-2021.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokushayela okuzenzakalelayo, izinhlelo zokuqapha abashayeli (i-DMS) zizokhuphuka ngokuduma
Ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha ezimotweni bushintshile kusukela ekufakweni kwesicelo sezimoto zangaphandle kuya kwezangaphakathi zemoto, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe bezizwa buqhubekela esikhathini esizayo lapho buhlanganisa ukuqapha isimo somshayeli nokufundwa kwemvelo kwangaphandle. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI yezimoto kuguquka kudlule imisebenzi yayo ekhona yokuzijabulisa kanye nosizo lwabasebenzisi, ibe isinikezeli esibalulekile sokuphepha kwezimoto. Uma kubhekwa uhide lwezingozi zomgwaqo lapho abashayeli bengazinakanga izimo zomgwaqo ngenxa yokuthembela ngokweqile ku-ADAS (izinhlelo zosizo lwabashayeli ezithuthukisiwe), ezisanda kukhuphuka ngezinga lokutholwa, imakethe isiphinde yanaka kakhulu imisebenzi yokuqapha abashayeli. Ngokuzayo, umgomo oyinhloko wemisebenzi yokuqapha abashayeli uzogxila ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zamakhamera ezisebenzayo, ezinokwethenjelwa, nezinembayo. Ngokuthola ukozela nokunaka komshayeli ngokulandelela iris nokuqapha ukuziphatha, lezi zinhlelo ziyakwazi ukubona ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi umshayeli ukhathele, uphazamisekile, noma ushayela ngendlela engafanele. Kanjalo, i-DMS (amasistimu okuqapha abashayeli) isiyisidingo esiphelele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ADS (izinhlelo zokushayela ezizenzakalelayo), njengoba i-DMS kufanele inikeze imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa/isaziso ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuhlola amandla omshayeli, kanye nokuthathwa kwezilawuli zokushayela. noma nini lapho kudingekile. Izimoto ezinokuhlanganiswa kwe-DMS kulindeleke ukuthi zingene ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Izibonisi ezigoqekayo zizobona ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi amaningi njengendlela yokwengeza isikrini ngendawo ethengiswayo
Njengoba izingcingo ezigoqekayo zithuthuka zisuka kumqondo ziye emkhiqizweni ngo-2019, izinhlobo ezithile zama-smartphone zidedele amafoni azo asongekayo ukuze zihlole amanzi. Nakuba ukuthengiswa kwalezi zingcingo kuze kube manje kube kumaphakathi ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa - futhi, ngokwengeza, izintengo zokuthengisa - zisakwazi ukwenza umsindo omkhulu emakethe yama-smartphone avuthiwe futhi agcwele. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, njengoba abenzi bamaphaneli bekhulisa kancane kancane amandla abo okukhiqiza e-AMOLED, izinhlobo zama-smartphone zizoqhubeka nokugxila ekuthuthukiseni amafoni asongekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okugoqekayo bekubona ukwanda kokungena kwamanye amadivaysi, ikakhulukazi amakhompyutha wezincwadi. Njengoba i-Intel ne-Microsoft zihola phambili, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ngamunye bakhiphe iminikelo yabo yezincwadi zokubhalela ezinezibonisi ezimbili. Ngendlela efanayo, imikhiqizo egoqekayo enokuboniswa okukodwa kwe-AMOLED isethelwe ukuba ibe isihloko esilandelayo esishisayo. Ama-notebook anezibonisi ezigoqekayo cishe azongena emakethe ngo-2021. Njengohlelo olusha lwesibonisi oluguquguqukayo futhi njengesigaba somkhiqizo esinezibonisi eziguqukayo ezinkulu kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphambilini, ukuhlanganiswa kwezibonisi ezigoqekayo ezincwadini zokubhalela kulindeleke ukuthi kusebenzise amandla okukhiqiza e-AMOLED abakhiqizi aguquguqukayo. ngezinga elithile.
I-Mini LED ne-QD-OLED zizoba ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo kune-OLED emhlophe
Ukuncintisana phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokubonisa kulindeleke ukuthi kushise emakethe ye-TV esezingeni eliphezulu ngo-2021. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhanya kwe-Mini LED kwenza ama-TV e-LCD akwazi ukulawula izindawo zawo ezikhanyayo futhi ngenxa yalokho umehluko ojulile wesibonisi uma uqhathaniswa nama-TV avamile amanje. Eholwa umholi wemakethe i-Samsung, ama-LCD TV ane-Mini LED backlighting ayaqhudelana nozakwabo be-OLED abamhlophe kuyilapho enikeza izici ezifanayo kanye nokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kubhekwa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme, i- iMini LED kulindeleke ukuthi ivele njengenye indlela eqinile kune-OLED emhlophe njengobuchwepheshe bokubonisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Samsung Display (SDC) ibheja ubuchwepheshe bayo obusha be-QD OLED njengephuzu lokwehlukaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwabaqhudelana nabo, njengoba i-SDC iqeda ukusebenza kokukhiqiza i-LCD. I-SDC izobheka ukusetha izinga elisha legolide kuma-specs e-TV ngobuchwepheshe bayo be-QD OLED, obuphakeme kune-OLED emhlophe ngokwemibandela yokugcwala kombala. I-TrendForce ilindele ukuthi imakethe ye-TV esezingeni eliphezulu ibonise isimo esisha sokuncintisana ngo-2H21.
Ukupakishwa okuthuthukisiwe kuzohamba phambili nge-HPC ne-AiP
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obusezingeni eliphezulu akuzange kwehle kulo nyaka naphezu komthelela womqedazwe we-COVID-19. Njengoba abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bekhipha ama-HPC chips kanye namamojula e-AiP (i-antenna ephaketheni), izinkampani ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-TSMC, Intel, ASE, ne-Amkor zimagange ukubamba iqhaza embonini yokupakisha ethuthukile ethuthukayo. Maqondana nokupakishwa kwe-chip ye-HPC, ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo sala ma-chip ku-I/O lead density, isidingo sezihlanganisi, ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-chip, sikhule ngokufanayo. I-TSMC kanye ne-Intel bakhiphe i-architecture yabo entsha yokupakishwa kwe-chip, ebizwa ngendwangu ye-3D kanye ne-Hybrid Bonding, ngokulandelana, ngenkathi kancane kancane bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe babo bokupakisha besizukulwane sesithathu (i-CoWoS ye-TSMC ne-EMIB ye-Intel), kubuchwepheshe besizukulwane sesine i-CoWoS ne-Co-EMIB. . Ngo-2021, lezi zisekelo ezimbili zizobe zibheke ukuzuza esidingweni sokupakisha se-chip ye-2.5D esiphezulu ne-3D. Maqondana nokupakishwa kwemojula ye-AiP, ngemva kokuba i-Qualcomm ikhiphe imikhiqizo yayo yokuqala ye-QTM ngo-2018, iMediaTek ne-Apple kamuva yasebenzisana nezinkampani ezihlobene ze-OSAT, ezihlanganisa i-ASE ne-Amkor. Ngalokhu kubambisana, iMediaTek ne-Apple babenethemba lokuthi bazothuthukisa i-R&D yokupakishwa kwe-flip chip evamile, okuwubuchwepheshe obubiza kancane. I-AiP kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukuhlanganiswa kancane kancane kumadivayisi e-5G mmWave kusukela ngo-2021. Iqhutshwa yisidingo sezokuxhumana se-5G nenethiwekhi, amamojula e-AiP kulindeleke ukuthi aqale afinyelele imakethe yama-smartphone bese kulandela izimakethe zezimoto namathebulethi.
Ama-Chipmakers azophishekela amasheya emakethe ye-AIoT ngokusebenzisa isu lokunweba elisheshayo.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-IoT, 5G, AI, kanye nekhompuyutha yamafu/emphetho, amasu abakhi bama-chip ashintshile asuka emikhiqizweni eyodwa, aya ehlelweni lomkhiqizo, futhi ekugcineni afinyelela ezixazululweni zemikhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha i-ecosystem ye-chip ebanzi neyimbudumbudu. Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kwabakhi bamashipa abakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngombono obanzi, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo okuqondile kwalezi zinkampani kubangele imboni ye-oligopolistic, lapho ukuncintisana kwendawo kushube kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuthengiswa kwe-5G kukhiqiza izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukene zamacala okusetshenziswa ahlukahlukene, abenzi bama-chip manje sebehlinzeka ngezixazululo eziphelele zesevisi eziqondile, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwe-chip kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwe-software/hardware platform, ngenxa yamathuba amakhulu okuhweba alethwa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-AIoT. imboni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abenzi bamashipa abangakwazi ukuzibeka ngesikhathi ngokwezidingo zemakethe cishe bazozithola besengozini yokuthembela ngokweqile emakethe eyodwa.
Ama-TV e-matrix asebenzayo ama-Micro LED azokwenza ukuqalwa kwawo okulindeleke kakhulu emakethe yama-electronics abathengi
Ukukhishwa kwezibonisi ezinkulu ze- Micro LED yi-Samsung, LG, Sony, kanye ne-Lumens eminyakeni yamuva nje kuphawule ukuqala kokuhlanganiswa kwe-Micro LED ekuthuthukisweni kwesibonisi esikhulu. Njengoba uhlelo lwe-Micro LED ekubonisweni kosayizi omkhulu luvuthwa kancane kancane, i-Samsung kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngowokuqala embonini ukukhipha ama-TV ayo asebenzayo e-matrix ama-Micro LED, ngakho-ke iqinisa unyaka ka-2021 njengonyaka wokuqala wokuhlanganiswa kwe-Micro LED kuma-TV. I-matrix esebenzayo ikhuluma ngamaphikseli ngokusebenzisa i-backplane yengilazi ye-TFT yesibonisi, futhi njengoba idizayini ye-IC ye-matrix esebenzayo ilula uma kuqhathaniswa, lolu hlelo lwamakheli ludinga inani eliphansi elilinganiselwe lomzila. Ikakhulukazi, ama-IC omshayeli we-matrix asebenzayo adinga ukusebenza kwe-PWM kanye nokushintshwa kwe-MOSFET ukuze kuzinziswe ugesi oshayelayo manje izibonisi ze-Micro LED, okudinga inqubo entsha nemba eqolo ye-R&D yalawo ma-IC. Ngakho-ke, kubakhiqizi be-Micro LED, izinselelo zabo ezinkulu okwamanje ekuphusheleni i-Micro LED emakethe yamadivayisi ekugcineni zilele kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko. (I-TrendForce inikeza isibikezelo sayo sezitayela eziyi-10 ezibalulekile embonini yezobuchwepheshe ka-2021.)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2021