M'zaka zaposachedwa, tchipisi tapakhomo takumana ndi ngozi ya "khosi lokhazikika".Akatswiri ena akambirana kuti China ikhoza kumanga tchipisi tanyumba panjira yaukadaulo yakumayiko akunja, kapena kupeza njira ina ndikutsegulira njira yatsopano kuti ikwaniritse ngodya.Mwachiwonekere, njira yotsirizirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri.Pakalipano, njira ziwirizi ndizofanana, ndipo iliyonse ili ndi zopambana.
Kupanga ma photoelectric chip apanyumba kumakwaniritsa nanoscale kwa nthawi yoyamba
Madzulo a Seputembara 14, asayansi aku China adafalitsa kafukufuku wawo waposachedwa kwambiri m'magazini apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi "Nature".Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adapeza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a nanoscale-dimensional, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chachikulu pakupanga makina opangira ma photoelectric chip.Ndi bwino kwaflexible LED screen.Kupanga kwakukulu kumeneku kungatsegule njira yatsopano yopangira zida za Photoelectric chip m'tsogolomu, ndipo akuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchipisi tofunikira pazida zamagetsi monga ma photoelectric modulators, zosefera zamayimbidwe, ndi kukumbukira kosasunthika kwa ferroelectric.Ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito 5G/6G kulankhulana, optical computing, intelligence intelligence ndi zina.
photoelectric industry ngale, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumunsi
Tchipisi za Optical ndizomwe zili pachimake pazithunzi za photoelectric.Zipangizo zamagetsi (zomwe zimatchedwa tchipisi cha kuwala ku China) ndi gawo lofunikira pamakampani a semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi.Ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha photoelectric semiconductor makampani, kuwala tchipisi, monga zigawo zikuluzikulu za unyolo kumtunda makampani, akhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu mauthenga, makampani, mowa, etc. minda ambiri.Malinga ndi gulu la Gartner, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimaphatikizapo CCD, CIS, LED, zowunikira mafoto, ma photoelectric, tchipisi ta laser ndi magulu ena.
Monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zamakampani opanga zithunzi, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono titha kugawidwa kukhala tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito potengera kutembenuka kwa ma photoelectric.Tchipisi zowoneka bwino zitha kugawidwanso kukhala tchipisi topatsirana ndi kulandira tchipisi;tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono Zimaphatikizanso tchipisi ta optical switch, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawala, ndi zina zambiri.P1.56 skrini yosinthika.Mu lipotili, timayang'ana kwambiri zachitukuko cha mafakitale, malo amsika ndi mwayi wopezerapo mwayi wa tchipisi tating'onoting'ono monga tchipisi ta laser ndi tchipisi ta Photon.
Pali magulu ang'onoang'ono a tchipisi ta optical, ndipo makampaniwa amatenga magawo osiyanasiyana.Kuphatikiza pa gulu logwira ntchito / lopanda pake pamwambapa, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono tingagawidwenso m'magulu anayi: InP, GaAs, silicon-based and thin-film lithium niobate malinga ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana azinthu ndi njira zopangira.Gawo la InP makamaka limaphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwachindunji kwa DFB/Electro-absorption modulation EML chips, detector PIN/APD chips, amplifier chips, modulator chips, etc. Magawo a GaAs amaphatikizapo tchipisi ta laser champhamvu kwambiri, tchipisi ta VCSEL, ndi zina zotero. Magawo a Silicon akuphatikizapo PLC, AWG , modulator, tchipisi cha kuwala ndi zina, LiNbO3 imaphatikizapo tchipisi ta module, etc.
Tchipisi za Optical zimabweretsa mwayi wachitukuko
Kwa theka la zaka, luso lazopangapanga la microelectronics lakula mofulumira malinga ndi Lamulo la Moore.Ndi bwino kwaLED chiwonetsero chamakampani.Vuto logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu lakula kwambiri lomwe ndizovuta kuti ukadaulo wa microelectronics uthetse.Kukula kwa tchipisi tamagetsi kukuyandikira malire a Chilamulo cha Moore, ndipo ndizovuta kupitiliza kufunafuna zopambana mu paradigm yaukadaulo wamakompyuta.Muukadaulo womwe ungathe kusokoneza womwe ukukumana ndi "nthawi ya-Moore", tchipisi tambiri talowa m'malo amasomphenya a anthu.Tchipisi zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zida za semiconductor (InP ndi GaAs, ndi zina zambiri), ndikuzindikira kusinthika kofanana kwa ma siginecha azithunzi kudzera mum'badwo ndi kuyamwa kwa ma photon omwe amatsagana ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamkati.
Kulumikizana kwa kuwala kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yoyankhulirana mkati mwa njira yopatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochulukitsa (monga wavelength division multiplexing WDM, mode division interoperability MDM, etc.).Choncho, pa-chip optical interconnection yochokera ku Integrated Optical circuit imatengedwa kuti ndi teknoloji yotheka kwambiri, yomwe ingathe kupyola malire a malire a chikhalidwe chophatikizika.Kukhazikika kwa ma module owoneka bwino, ma fiber lasers, ma lidars ndi maulalo ena apakati ndi otsika pamaketani a mafakitale akuyenda bwino.Pakali pano, dziko langa kunsi mtsinje
zigawo monga ma modules optical, fiber lasers, ndi lidars ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera okhudzana ndi kupititsa patsogolo.Pankhani ya ma module a kuwala, malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi Lightcounting mu Meyi 2022, opanga aku China atenga asanu ndi mmodzi mwa opanga ma module khumi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2021.
Kupita patsogolo ndi njira yotuluka mumakampani aku China opanga ma chip
Pamsika wapakhomo, motsogozedwa ndi kukulirakulira kwa kutsika kwamadzi m'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga zoweta ayesa kumanga mafakitale aku China optical chip kudzera mu kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, kugula kwakunja ndi njira zina.Kusowa kwa tchipisi tapakhomo tapamwamba kwambiri kwabweretsa mwayi waukulu wachitukuko kumakampani.Ndi chithandizo cha ndondomeko, dziko langa la optical chip industry lakula mofulumira.Ndi zabwino kwatransparent LED screen.Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zakhala zosakhazikika, ndipo zochitika zakunja kwa tchipisi tapanyumba zakhala zikuchitika pafupipafupi.Kulowetsa m'malo mwapakhomo kwakhalanso nkhani yovuta kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, kudalira kuyesetsa kwamakampani ena otsogola apanyumba.
Kwa China, ndikofunikira kukonza zolakwika m'munda wa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi posachedwa, komanso kuyesetsa kupanga mabwalo atsopano monga tchipisi tazithunzithunzi posachedwa.Ndi njira ziwiri, kuyesayesa kudzachitidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wa kusintha kwatsopano kwa teknoloji ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-02-2022