Mu myaka yashize, imitobe yo mu rugo yahuye n’akaga ko "kwizirika ijosi".Abahanga bamwe baganiriye ko Ubushinwa bushobora kubaka imashini zo mu gihugu mu nzira ya tekiniki y’ibihugu by’amahanga, cyangwa gushaka ubundi buryo no gufungura inzira nshya kugira ngo bigere ku kurenga mu mfuruka.Biragaragara, inzira yanyuma iragoye.Kugeza ubu, izi nzira zombi zirasa, kandi buriwese afite intambwe.
Gukora amafoto yo murugo imbere bigera kuri nanoscale kunshuro yambere
Ku mugoroba wo ku ya 14 Nzeri, abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abashinwa bashyize ahagaragara ubushakashatsi bwabo buheruka gusohoka mu kinyamakuru cyo ku isi cyize cyane ku isi "Kamere".Ku nshuro yambere, babonye urumuri rwa nanoscale rwanditseho imiterere-yimiterere itatu, bituma habaho intambwe nini mubijyanye no gukora amashanyarazi azakurikiraho.Nibyiza kuriecran ihindagurika.Ibi byavumbuwe bikomeye birashobora gufungura inzira nshya yo gukora amashanyarazi ya chipi mugihe kizaza, kandi biteganijwe ko azakoreshwa muguhimba ibyuma byingenzi bifata amashanyarazi nka moderi yerekana amashanyarazi, akayunguruzo ka acoustic, hamwe nibuka rya ferroelektrike.Ifite ibyifuzo byinshi mugutumanaho 5G / 6G, kubara optique, ubwenge bwubukorikori nibindi bice.
ifoto yinganda zamasaro, zikoreshwa cyane hepfo
Amashanyarazi meza ni ibintu by'ibanze mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi.ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (byitwa chipique optique mubushinwa) nigice cyingenzi cyinganda zikoresha isi.Hamwe niterambere rikomeye ryinganda zifotora amashanyarazi, chip optique, nkibice byingenzi bigize urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda, byakoreshejwe cyane mubitumanaho, inganda, imikoreshereze, nibindi byinshi.Ukurikije ibyiciro bya Gartner, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birimo CCD, CIS, LED, ibyuma bifata amafoto, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya laser nibindi byiciro.
Nkibice byingenzi bigize uruganda rwamafoto, amashanyarazi ya optique arashobora kugabanywamo ibice bikora optique hamwe na chip optique ya pasiporo ukurikije niba ibimenyetso byerekana amashanyarazi bibaho.Imashini ikora neza irashobora kugabanywa mugukwirakwiza chip no kwakira chip;pasiporo ya optique ya chipi Irimo cyane cyane chip ya optique ya chip, optique ya beam splitter chip, nibindi birakoreshwa kandiP1.56 ecran yoroheje.Muri iyi raporo, turibanda ku majyambere y’iterambere ry’inganda, umwanya w’isoko hamwe n’amahirwe yo kwifashisha chip optique ikora nka laser chips na chipon detection chip.
Hariho ibyiciro byinshi bya chipique optique, kandi inganda zikubiyemo imirima myinshi.Usibye gukora / gutondekanya ibyiciro hejuru, chip optique irashobora kandi kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: InP, GaAs, silikoni ishingiye kuri silicon na lithium niobate yoroheje ukurikije sisitemu yibikoresho bitandukanye nibikorwa byo gukora.InP substrate ikubiyemo cyane cyane modulisiyo itaziguye DFB / Electro-absorption modulation EML chips, detector PIN / APD chip, chip amplifier chip, modulator chip, nibindi. , modulator, optique ya optique nibindi, LiNbO3 ikubiyemo chip ya modulator, nibindi.
Amashanyarazi meza atangiza amahirwe yiterambere
Mu binyejana byikinyejana, tekinoroji ya mikorobe yateye imbere byihuse hakurikijwe amategeko ya Moore.Nibyiza kuriYayoboye inganda.Ikibazo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi cyarushijeho kuba icyuho kitoroshye kuri tekinoroji ya mikorobe ikemuka.Iterambere rya chipi ya elegitoronike ryegereje imipaka y’amategeko ya Moore, kandi biragoye gukomeza gushakisha intambwe igaragara muri paradizo y’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa.Muri tekinoroji ishobora guhungabana ihura n "" nyuma ya Moore ", chip optique yinjiye mubyerekezo byabantu.Chipique optique ikorwa mubikoresho byifashishwa bya semiconductor (InP na GaAs, nibindi), kandi ikanamenya guhinduranya ibimenyetso byamafoto yumuriro binyuze mumasekuru no kwinjiza fotone iherekejwe ninzira yimbere yinzibacyuho.
Guhuza optique birashobora kandi kunoza ubushobozi bwitumanaho muburyo bwogukoresha hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ibintu (nkumurongo wo kugabana umurongo wa WDM, kugabana uburyo bwo guhuza MDM, nibindi).Kubwibyo, on-chip optique ihuza imiyoboro ishingiye kumurongo wa optique ufatwa nkubuhanga bushoboka cyane, bushobora gucamo neza icyuho cyumupaka wumubiri wumuzingi gakondo.Ihinduramiterere rya modul optique, fibre fibre, lidars hamwe nandi masano yo hagati no hepfo mumurongo winganda uratera imbere neza.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyo hepfo
ibice nka optique modules, fibre fibre, na lidars bifite irushanwa rikomeye, kandi aho imirima ijyanye nayo izakomeza gutera imbere.Ku bijyanye na moderi ya optique, dukurikije imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara na Lightcounting muri Gicurasi 2022, abakora mu Bushinwa bazatwara batandatu mu icumi ba mbere bakora inganda za optique ku isi mu 2021.
Iterambere ninzira yo kuva mubushinwa optique chip chip
Ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, bitewe no kwaguka gukenewe kwinshi mu myaka yashize, abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu bagerageje kubaka inganda zikoresha chip zo mu Bushinwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ry’amahanga ndetse n’ubundi buryo.Kubura ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo mu bwoko bwa optique byazanye amahirwe menshi yiterambere mu nganda.Dushyigikiwe na politiki, uruganda rwanjye rwa optique rwa chip rwateye imbere byihuse.Nibyiza kuriMugaragaza neza.By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, ibintu mpuzamahanga byahungabanye, kandi ibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga byakunze kugaragara.Gusimburana mu gihugu nabyo byahindutse ingingo ishyushye mu nganda zikoreshwa mu bice bya semiconductor mu myaka yashize, zishingiye ku mbaraga zikomeje gukorwa na sosiyete zimwe na zimwe zikoresha chip zo mu gihugu.
Kubushinwa, birakenewe gusubizwa ibitagenda neza mubijyanye na chip gakondo gakondo byihuse, ariko kandi tugashyiraho ingufu mugushiraho imiyoboro mishya nka chipi yamashanyarazi vuba bishoboka.Hamwe nuburyo bubiri, hazashyirwaho ingufu kugirango tubone amahirwe yicyiciro gishya cyimpinduramatwara no guhindura inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2022