I-26 ka-Epreli ngumhla wama-20 "Usuku lwePropati yeNgqondo yeHlabathi". Umxholo walo nyaka woSuku lweMpahla yoBukrelekrele beHlabathi kulo nyaka uthi “Utshintsho lweKamva loHlaza”. Esi siganeko sibeka izinto ezintsha kunye namalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda axhasa ukutsha kumbindi wokudala ikamva eliluhlaza. Iinkampani zaseTshayina LED kufuneka zibe neenkumbulo ezintsha ze "337 Investigation" eqalwe ziinkampani zaseMelika kwi-2018.
NgoMatshi ka-2018, iSupervision yafaka isicelo "sophando lwe-337" kwi-ITC ngokuhambelana neCandelo le-337 ye "US Tariff Act ye-1930", ityhola iinkampani ezininzi zokubonisa i-LED yaseTshayina kunye ne-subsidiaries yazo e-United States yokuthumela ngaphandle okanye ithengiswe e-US. Iiyunithi zokubonisa i-LED kunye namacandelo abo e-United States bakrokreka ukuba baphule i-patent zabo ze-modular ze-LED, becela i-ITC ukuba ikhuphe imiyalelo yokungabandakanyi ngokubanzi, imiyalelo yokukhutshwa okulinganiselwe kunye nezithintelo.
Le mpikiswano ibangelwa ngamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, kwiinkampani zaseTshayina zokubonisa i-LED, ngokwenene lidabi lokhuselo lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ebandakanya umdla obalulekileyo kwimarike yase-US.
Kumakethi ebonisa i-LED ethe yachatshazelwa kanobom sisibetho esitsha senyumoniya, ukhuphiswano kwinqanaba lamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kulo nyaka lunokuba bukhali ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Ibhena yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ukucinezela abantu okhuphisana nabo kunye nokuhlutha isabelo semarike kunokuba lukhetho loShishino.
Iziboniso ze-LED eziveliswe e-China zingaphezulu kwe-80% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi. Le nzuzo enkulu yesikali inyanzelise iinkampani ezininzi ze-LED zangaphandle ukuba zirhoxe kukhuphiswano kunye neenkampani zokubonisa zaseTshayina, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zangaphandle zijike kwizicelo zokubonisa ze-LED eziphezulu. Ubuvulindlela, njenge<em>cinema. Isikrini sefilimu ye-Samsung yenye yesiqhelo.
Okwangoku, iinkampani zaseTshayina zokubonisa i-LED phantse azinabaphi phakathi kunye neemarike ezisezantsi, kwaye ishishini labo elikhulu kunye neenzuzo zesikali zivumela iinkampani zaseTshayina ukuba zigcine izibonelelo ezipheleleyo zokhuphiswano. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nethekhnoloji, iinkampani zaseTshayina azanelisekanga ngemarike ephantsi, kodwa zikwahamba zisiya kwindawo ephezulu. Ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kweenkampani zaseTshayina kunye neenkampani zangaphandle kuya kubandakanya ukhuphiswano olubanzi lwentengiso. Ukhuphiswano lwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kusetyenziswa imiqobo yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza njengesixhobo luya kubalasela ngakumbi.
Imfazwe kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza i-LED igxile kakhulu kwicala le-chip enyukayo. Iingxabano zepatent ngqo ngokuchasene nezikrini zokubonisa i- beempawu zokubonisa izikrini zinqabile kwihlabathi. Isiganeko "soPhando lwe-337" esenzeka ngo-2018 sothusa yonke imboniselo ye-LED yaseTshayina. Inike iinkampani zaseTshayina zokubonisa i-LED ipropathi enzulu kakhulu yobukrelekrele "iklasi yemfundo", ikhuthaza iinkampani zaseTshayina ukuba zithathele ingqalelo ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
Kwimarike yasekhaya, uninzi lweenkampani zokubonisa i-LED ziye zafumana inqanaba lophuhliso "lwe-patent streaking". Kwixesha lokuqala lokuqokelelwa kophuhliso loshishino, inkampani nganye ifuna uphuhliso lwemveliso kuphela, kwaye uyilo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza olunxulumeneyo luncitshiswe ikakhulu kwimihombiso yobuso benkampani, kwaye inkampani ikuphuhliso olukhohlakeleyo nolubanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imakethi iqhubeka nokukhula kwaye iinkampani ziqhubela phambili ukuya kumazwe ngamazwe, iimfuno zabo zokhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ziya ziba namandla. Ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ngumjelo wophuhliso lweshishini. Ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwamalungelo anxulumene nelungelo lomenzi wechiza, amashishini athanda ukuhlaselwa yimiqobo yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwinkqubo yokuvula imakethi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingxabano phakathi kweenkampani zokubonisa zasekhaya ngenxa yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza zenzeke amaxesha ngamaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokhuseleko lwepropathi yobukrelekrele basekhaya ayigqibelelanga, kwaye kukho iinkampani ezikhuphela iimveliso zam, ndikhuphela imveliso yakhe 'mutual "Ukukopa isenzeko", ngenxa yoko, iingxabano ezibandakanya amalungelo epropathi yengqondo zidla ngokukhokelela kubunzima ekukhuseleni amalungelo corporate ngenxa. kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngethamsanqa, ngenkqubela phambili yoshishino malunga namalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaqalisa ukuthi "hayi" ekwaphuleni. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kukho isiganeko esifunyenwe sinetyala lokwaphula uphawu lokuthengisa kwishishini. NgoJanuwari 2020, iTekhnoloji ye-Unilumin ikhuphe ingxelo yesaziso malunga nesiganeko sokwenza umgunyathi: Ngomhla we-12 kaDisemba, i-2019, inkampani yeefoto zombane kwisiXeko saseJinhua, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang yayirhanelwa ngokuthengisa iziboniso ze-LED ezinomgunyathi "i-Unilumin" kunye neempawu zorhwebo "ze-Unilumin". Umntu ophetheyo, u-Jin Mou, wavalelwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho liSebe leSithili saseWucheng le-Jinhua Public Security Bureau.
Kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike, ezinye iinkampani ezingekho mthethweni zizama ukwenza ingeniso ngokunyhasha amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda wabanye. Kwelinye icala, njengoko ziya zisanda iinkampani “zivusa” ekukhuselweni kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, kuya kubakho ngakumbi Amashishini athatha isixhobo somthetho ukukhusela iimfuno zawo. Kubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba iimeko ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo ziya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.
Ngapha koko, ulwazi lokhuseleko lwepropathi yomenzi weenkampani zaseTshayina luye lwaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kunokuqinisekiswa ngenani lezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ezibonelelwa ziinkampani zaseTshayina kwiWorld Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). I-WIPO yatsho nge-7 ka-Epreli ukuba ngo-2019, i-China yodlula i-United States ukuba ibe lilizwe elinelona nani likhulu lezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza phantsi kombutho weSivumelwano sokuSebenzisana kwePatent (PCT). Ngokwengxelo ekhutshwe yi-WIPO ngomhla we-7, i-China yafaka izicelo ze-patent ezingama-58,990 phantsi kwesakhelo se-PCT yombutho ngo-2019, idlula i-57,840 efakwe yi-United States kwaye yaba ngumsebenzisi omkhulu we-PCT. Kwingxelo yeendaba, uMlawuli Jikelele we-WIPO u-Gurry wathi ngo-1999 umbutho wafumana izicelo ze-patent ezingama-276 ezivela e-China, kwaye ngo-2019 eli nani lenyuka laya kuma-58,990, ukunyuka kwama-200 kwiminyaka engama-20.
Ngelixa ulwazi ngokhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda luye lwanda, ilizwe lam nalo liye landa iinzame zalo zokwandisa ukhuseleko lwelungelo lomenzi wechiza. Enyanisweni, sinokuvakalelwa oku kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, sinokuqonda oku simahla xa siphulaphule iingoma kwisoftware ethile yomculo okanye sibukele imovie kwiwebhusayithi ethile. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, imvakalelo ecacileyo kukuba, Umculo ongakumbi, ifilimu kunye nomabonwakude kufuneka uhlawule ngaphambi kokuba bafumane ithuba lokuzonwabisa ngokuvakalayo. Ngaphambili, iinkampani ziye zajamelana nobunzima ekukhuseleni amalungelo azo, kodwa ngoku le meko iphucuka rhoqo.
Ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda sisiseko soshishino, icebo lesizwe lokuyila, kunye nendlela ephambili yokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda yimfuneko yokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwelizwe elitsha, kwaye ikwayimfuno yokuba iChina izalisekise izibophelelo zayo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokujonga kulwazi olukhutshwe yi-Supreme People's Procuratorate, amaziko omthetho atshutshisa abantu abangaphantsi kwama-200 ngolwaphulo-mthetho lokunyhashwa kwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ngo-1999 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-11,000 ngo-2019, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-56. Isizathu sokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwenani lamatyala akubangelwa nje ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho olukhawulezayo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yezomthetho, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye namalungu enkundla aqhubeka nokwandisa ukuchithwa kwawo.
NgoNovemba ka-2019, iOfisi Jikelele yeKomiti ePhakathi yeQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina kunye ne-Ofisi Jikelele yeBhunga likaRhulumente likhuphe "Iimbono malunga nokomeleza ukuKhuselwa kwamaLungelo ePropati yoBukrelekrele". Kwixesha elizayo, umsebenzi welizwe lam wokhuseleko lomenzi wechiza ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuphuculwa ngakumbi. Imithetho nemimiselo enxulumeneyo iya kuthoba ukophulwa komthetho kunye namanye amashishini angekho mthethweni. Ukuqina kunye nesohlwayo nazo ziya kuba namandla. Ngaphantsi kokuphunyezwa ngaxeshanye kwamanyathelo amaninzi, ukhuseleko lwepropathi yengqondo yelizwe lam luya kuqiniswa ngakumbi.
Ngoko ke, ukuphucula ulwazi lokhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nokwandisa uphuhliso lwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda nazo ziyimfuneko esisiseko kwimiboniso ye-LED kwixesha elitsha.
Ishishini langoku lokubonisa i-LED lijongene nokuphindaphinda kwezobuchwepheshe. Umzi-mveliso we-LED wase-China omelwe ngamabala amancinci ahlala ephuhlisa ukuya kwiindawo ezincinci, kwaye imiboniso ye-pitch entle ngokuthe ngcembe ibe licala lophuhliso loshishino. Yenziwe e-China isendleleni yokuguqulwa kunye nokuphucula, kwaye iziboniso ze-LED nazo zijongene neendawo eziphambili ekuphuculeni ishishini.
Ngokubanzi, ulwazi lokhuseleko lwepropathi yobukrelekrele kwishishini lokubonisa i-LED yaseTshayina liya lisanda, kwaye ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda iye yaba luxinzelelo lwexabiso kwiziboniso ze-LED. Iinkampani zaseTshayina zokubonisa i-LED ziye zadlula kwixesha lokuqala lokuqokelela kwaye ngoku zingena kwixesha lokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yamalungelo epropati. Ngaphambili, xa zijongene nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, iinkampani zazisoyika ingxaki, kwaye iindleko ezinkulu zokhuseleko lwamalungelo zazidla ngokubangela ukuba iinkampani zibe nonyamezelo xa zijongene nokwaphulwa kwemithetho. Ngokuyinxenye, ixabiso layo liya kubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Kule nkalo, sinokubona indima ebalulekileyo yamalungelo epropathi yengqondo ekukhuphisaneni kweemarike ukusuka ekukhuselweni kwamalungelo ophawu lwe-Unilumin. Ukusekwa kunye nokugcinwa kweempawu zayo zokuthengisa ezaziwayo, umfanekiso wayo wenkampani kunye nexabiso le-brand, zonke zibonisa ixabiso lamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lwemboniselo ye-LED aluyi kuphinda luphumelele "ubuninzi", kwaye luya kungena kwimodeli yophuhliso eqhutywa yintsha. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kufuna amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kukukhusela ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Kwaye ukutsha kuya kuba sisiseko sophuhliso lweenkampani zokubonisa i-LED. Kwixesha elizayo, ukhuphiswano lweenkampani zokubonisa i-LED ekugqibeleni luya kuba lukhuphiswano lwamalungelo epropathi yengqondo. Ke ngoko, ukwandisa ulwakhiwo lwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nokwakha inkqubo epheleleyo yokhuselo lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kumashishini omboniso we-LED anxulumene nekamva loshishino lokubonisa i-LED. Amashishini kufuneka anike ingqwalasela epheleleyo kubo. Kungale ndlela kuphela, ikamva lamashishini emiboniso ye-LED yaseTshayina liya kuba ngcono!
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-25-2020