Mu myaka yashize, imitobe yo mu rugo yahuye n’akaga ko "kwizirika ijosi".Abahanga bamwe baganiriye ko Ubushinwa bushobora kubaka imashini zo mu gihugu mu nzira ya tekiniki y’ibihugu by’amahanga, cyangwa gushaka ubundi buryo no gufungura inzira nshya kugira ngo bigere ku kurenga mu mfuruka.Biragaragara, inzira yanyuma iragoye.Kugeza ubu, izi nzira zombi zirasa, kandi buriwese afite intambwe.
Imbere ya optoelectronic chip ikora igera kuri nanoscale kunshuro yambere
Ku mugoroba wo ku ya 14 Nzeri, abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abashinwa bashyize ahagaragara ubushakashatsi bwabo buheruka gusohoka mu kinyamakuru cyo ku isi cyize cyane ku isi "Kamere".Ku nshuro yambere, babonye nanoscale yumucyo wanditseho imiterere-yimiterere itatu, bituma habaho intambwe nini mubijyanye nigisekuru kizaza cya optoelectronic chip.Ibi byavumbuwe byingenzi birashobora gufungura inzira nshya yo gukora chip ya optoelectronic chip mugihe kizaza, kandi biteganijwe ko izakoreshwa muguhimba ibikoresho byingenzi bya optoelectronic ibikoresho nka moderi ya optoelectronic modulator, akayunguruzo ka acoustic, hamwe nibuka rya ferroelectric yibuka.Ifite ibyifuzo byinshi byo gusaba mu itumanaho rya 5G / 6G,LED yerekana, kubara neza, ubwenge bwubukorikori nizindi nzego.
Optoelectronics inganda isaro, ikoreshwa cyane hepfo
Amashanyarazi meza ni ibice byingenzi mubice bya optoelectronics.Ibikoresho bya Optoelectronic (byitwa chipique optique mubushinwa) nigice cyingenzi cyinganda zikoresha isi.Hamwe niterambere ryinshi ryinganda za optoelectronic semiconductor, chip optique, nkibice byingenzi bigize urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda, byakoreshejwe cyane mubitumanaho, inganda, imikoreshereze, nibindi byinshi.Ukurikije ibyiciro bya Gartner, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic birimo CCD, CIS, LED, disiketi ya fotone, optocouplers, chip ya laser nibindi byiciro.Nkibice byingenzi bigize inganda za optoelectronics,chip optique irashobora
kugabanywamo ibice bikora optique hamwe na pasitike ya optique ukurikije niba ibimenyetso byerekana ifoto bihinduka.Imashini ikora neza irashobora kugabanywa mugukwirakwiza chip no kwakira chip;pasiporo ya optique ya chipike Irimo cyane cyane optique ya optique ya chip, optique ya beam splitter chip, nibindi nibyiza kuriicyerekezo cyoroshye.Muri iyi raporo, turibanda ku majyambere y’iterambere ry’inganda, umwanya w’isoko hamwe n’amahirwe yo kwifashisha chip optique ikora nka laser chips na chipon detection chip.
Hariho ibyiciro byinshi bya chipique optique, kandi inganda zikubiyemo imirima myinshi.Usibye gukora / gutondekanya ibyiciro hejuru, chip optique irashobora kandi kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: InP, GaAs, silikoni ishingiye kuri silicon na lithium niobate yoroheje ukurikije sisitemu yibikoresho bitandukanye nibikorwa byo gukora.InP substrate ikubiyemo cyane cyane modulisiyo itaziguye DFB / Electro-absorption modulation EML chips, detector PIN / APD chip, chip amplifier chip, modulator chip, nibindi. , modulator, optique ya optique nibindi, LiNbO3 ikubiyemo chip ya modulator, nibindi.
Amashanyarazi meza atangiza amahirwe yiterambere
Mu binyejana byikinyejana, tekinoroji ya mikorobe yateye imbere byihuse hakurikijwe amategeko ya Moore.Ikibazo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi cyarushijeho kuba icyuho kitoroshye kuri tekinoroji ya mikorobe ikemuka.Iterambere rya chipi ya elegitoronike ryegereje imipaka y’amategeko ya Moore, kandi biragoye gukomeza gushakisha intambwe igaragara muri paradizo y’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa.Muri tekinoroji ishobora guhungabana ihura n "" nyuma ya Moore ", chip optique yinjiye mubyerekezo byabantu.Chipique optique ikorwa mubikoresho byifashishwa bya semiconductor (InP na GaAs, nibindi), kandi ikanamenya guhinduranya ibimenyetso byamafoto yumuriro binyuze mumasekuru no kwinjiza fotone iherekejwe ninzira yimbere yinzibacyuho.
Guhuza optique birashobora kandi kunoza ubushobozi bwitumanaho muburyo bwogukoresha hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ibintu (nkumurongo wo kugabana umurongo wa WDM, kugabana uburyo bwo guhuza MDM, nibindi).Kubwibyo, on-chip optique ihuza imiyoboro ishingiye kumurongo wa optique ufatwa nkubuhanga bushoboka cyane, bushobora gucamo neza icyuho cyumupaka wumubiri wumuzingi gakondo.Nibyiza kuriLED yerekana.Ihinduramiterere rya modul optique, fibre fibre, lidars hamwe nandi masano yo hagati no hepfo mumurongo winganda uratera imbere neza.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyo hepfo nkibice bya optique, fibre fibre, na lidari bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana, kandi aho imirima ijyanye nayo izakomeza gutera imbere.Ku bijyanye na moderi ya optique, dukurikije imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara na Lightcounting muri Gicurasi 2022, abakora mu Bushinwa bazatwara batandatu mu icumi ba mbere bakora inganda za optique ku isi mu 2021.
Iterambere ninzira yo kuva mubushinwa optique chip chip
Ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, bitewe no kwaguka gukenewe kwinshi mu myaka yashize, abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu bagerageje kubaka inganda zikoresha chip zo mu Bushinwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ry’amahanga ndetse n’ubundi buryo.Kubura ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo mu bwoko bwa optique byazanye amahirwe menshi yiterambere mu nganda.Dushyigikiwe na politiki, uruganda rwanjye rwa optique rwa chip rwateye imbere byihuse.By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, ibintu mpuzamahanga byahungabanye, kandi ibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga byakunze kugaragara.Gusimburana mu gihugu nabyo byahindutse ingingo ishyushye mu nganda zikoreshwa mu bice bya semiconductor mu myaka yashize, zishingiye ku mbaraga zikomeje gukorwa na sosiyete zimwe na zimwe zikoresha chip zo mu gihugu.
Kubushinwa, birakenewe gusubizwa ibitagenda neza mubijyanye na chip gakondo gakondo byihuse, ariko kandi tugashyiraho ingufu mugushiraho imiyoboro mishya nka chipique ya fotonike vuba bishoboka.Hamwe nuburyo bubiri, hazashyirwaho ingufu kugirango tubone amahirwe yicyiciro gishya cyimpinduramatwara no guhindura inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-16-2022