HC LED Screen Network tau tshaj tawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv 2019 xyoo txog lub ntsej muag ntawm kev lag luam LED zaub, "Tuam Tshoj LED Kev Lag Luam Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Huab Cua Xiav". Nrog txoj kev ua tiav tiav ntawm cov ntawv xiav pib lub koob tsheej, cov tsos ntawm phau ntawv xiav kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov npoj yaig hauv kev lag luam, thiab tau ua tib zoo mloog ntawm kev lag luam sab hauv nyob rau sab saud, nruab nrab thiab qis dua ntawm kev lag luam. Phau ntawv xiav no tau tsim tawm thaum kawg xyoo 2018. Tom qab ze li ib xyoos ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab sau ntawv, los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog science thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas nruj, nws suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau tawm los ntawm National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology, thiab cov koomhaum kev lag luam. , Sau los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam xov xwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv lag luam cov ntaub ntawv, tsom mus rau qhov systematically, to taub thiab cov tub txawg tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm LED kev lag luam kev lag luam kev lag luam, thiaj li muab kev lag luam thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam kom muaj kev nkag siab thiab ntxaws ntawm kev nqis peev hauv cov LED zaub kev lag luam Tam sim no, muab cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev coj ua.
“Phau Ntawv xiav ntawm Tuam Tshoj Tshawb Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam LED thiab Kev Huab Cua” tau muab faib ua rau 6 tshooj, 1. LED cov lus piav qhia cov khoom lag luam; 2. Tuam Tshoj LED tso tshuaj ntsuam ib puag ncig; 3. Tuam Tshoj LED zaub kev lag luam qauv tsom xam; 4. Tuam Tshoj LED Kev lag luam txheej txheem kev lag luam dav dav; 5. Taw qhia rau cov lag luam raug nyob hauv Suav teb chaw tsim khoom lag luam LED; 6. Lub zeem muag rau yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus LED zaub kev lag luam. Txheej txheem, kev tshaj lij thiab piav qhia cov khoom lag luam kom pom tseeb, kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus LED zaub thiab qhov chaw loj heev ntawm Suav kev lag luam zaub LED. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv tsim kho, kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab cov lag luam muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus LED zaub coj tawm. Tom qab kev txheeb xyuas, thiab thaum kawg saib rau yav tom ntej kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam LED zaub, Kuv vam tias dhau los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb xyuas phau ntawv xiav, kev lag luam thiab cov uas xav nkag siab txog kev lag luam LED tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
LED cov lus piav qhia cov khoom lag luam
"Phau Ntawv xiav ntawm Tuam Tshoj LED Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Huab Cua" tau hais meej txog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab cov kev sib cais ntawm cov duab LED: LED, lossis tso tawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, yog lub raj tua tus kheej uas tuaj yeem hloov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob rau lub zog teeb. Lub vaj huam sib luag tiaj tiaj zaub tsim ntawm ntau LED module panels yog LED qhov screen tso saib. Lub teeb liab tawm tswv yim los ntawm lub teeb liab kis tau raug xa mus thiab tsim los ntawm cov khoos phis tawm thiab lwm yam, thiab thaum kawg ua ntawm LED cov vijtsam teeb tsa kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshaj tawm video thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog dav siv hauv khw hauv khw, tsev lag luam, tsev kawm ntawv, theem, tsev txhab nyiaj, Kev ruaj ntseg, pej xeem kev ruaj ntseg, tsheb thauj mus los, kev lis kev cai, tsev kho mob, tshav dav hlau, chaw nres tsheb, chaw ntau pob thiab lwm cov teb.
LED cov ntxaij vab tshaus tuaj yeem tau faib raws li qhov ntev xws li lub hauv paus xim xim, dot suab, siv thaj chaw, thiab lwm yam. Piv nrog rau lwm hom zaub ntxaij, LED cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog qhov teeb ci rau tus kheej, tsis pom kev zoo, thiab tsis muaj xim sib txawv, uas tau pom tseeb zoo. Tam sim no, LED cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog cov ntim khoom ntim Cov txheej txheem yog: DIP, SMD, IMD, COB.
LED tso tshuaj ntsuam ib puag ncig
Phau ntawv xiav no siv PEST tsom xam txujci - P yog kasmoos, E yog kev khwv nyiaj txiag, S yog neeg zej zog, T yog thev naus laus zis, thiab tshuaj ntsuam lub lag luam LED zaub hnub no.
Ua ntej, kev tswj hwm kev ua kas moos feem ntau yog los ntawm kev sau se ntawm Asmeskas thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Feem ntau hais lus, kev lag luam txhim kho tsis tu ncua, tso siab rau kev txhawb nqa thiab kev cai ntawm tsoomfwv cov cai thiab cov qauv kev cai, thiab qhia cov txheej txheem kev qhia rau nqes dej Mini LED / Micro LED, E-kis las, chaw ntau pob thiab lwm yam kev siv;
Thib ob, kev lag luam feem ntau yog los ntawm kev nce nqi hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev lag luam macroeconomic tseem nyob ruaj khov thiab tus nqi ntsuas nroog loj txuas ntxiv, uas ua kom cov neeg siv khoom nce siab;
Thib peb, kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb yog los ntawm cov nroog ntse thiab kev lag luam kev nyab xeeb. Qhov nce ntawm cov nroog ntse thiab kev lag luam kev nyab xeeb tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau tshiab;
Thib plaub, LED cov thev naus laus zis tau maj mam dhau los, thiab cov tub ntxhais tseem ceeb xws li kev hloov kho xim thiab taw tes txhim kho kuj tau hloov kho tau zoo heev. Cov thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus rau sab sauv, nruab nrab thiab qis dua ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, thiab kev ntseeg tau zoo thiab txuag hluav taws xob yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam xim thiab kev tsim kho. Hais txog cov thev naus laus zis, xws li COB ntim thiab Mini / Micro LED.
Yooj yim kev lag luam profile
Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov zaub LED, Cov Phau Ntawv xiav siv cov qauv kev tshawb fawb los faib kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam LED teeb rau hauv qib rau 6 qib: thawj theem hauv xyoo 1970: thawj GaP thiab GaAsP hom kev tsis sib xws yog liab, daj, Ntsuab thiab qis luminous efficiency LEDs tau pib siv nyob rau hauv qhov taw qhia teeb, cov lej thiab cov ntawv nyeem; theem ob ntawm xyoo 1970 mus txog 1990: Txoj kev lag luam LED zaub tseem nyob rau ib lub sijhawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob, thiab daim teb daim ntawv thov tseem muaj qee yam thiab tsis tau nthuav dav; Qeb thib peb 1990-1995: nkag rau lub sijhawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai sai, cov ntaub ntawv siv thev naus laus zis tau ua rau kev txhim kho hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab tag nrho cov xim LED cov ntawv tshwm sim; plaub theem 1996-2000: nkag mus rau ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho tag nrho thiab kev kho kom haum thiab zoo tag nrho ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam. Cov pab pawg neeg caj qaum nrog qee qhov kev lag luam tau pib tshwm sim, kev sib tw kev lag luam tau nce, thiab LED puv cov duab ntxaij vijtsam tau siv dav; theem tsib xyoo 2001-2008: txoj kev lag luam LED zaub tau tsim kho tsis tu ncua, thiab cov nplai zuag qhia tag nrho tau nce xyoo ntawm xyoo. Cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv tau tshwm sim, thiab qee qhov kev paub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam; theem thib rau txij li xyoo 2009 mus txog rau tam sim no: Txuas ntxiv kom tswj txoj kev loj hlob sai. Kev tsim kho kev lag luam tau rov qab mus rau lub tswv yim kev sib tw, kev sib tw tau muaj zog ntxiv, thiab kev lag luam muaj zog ntxiv mus ntxiv.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Phau Ntawv Blue tseem tau rho tawm tsib yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam tam sim no los ntawm 6 qhov kev loj hlob tseem ceeb: Cov saw hlau muaj kev ua tiav: cov dej ntws sab saud thiab sab saud tau tsim kev sib tham benign, txhawb nqa thiab thov cov khoom tshiab thiab tshiab thev naus laus zis tau nrawm; kev ua qauv thiab kev sib zog ua kom zoo dua Cov qauv qhia tau pom tseeb: lub teb chaws tsoomfwv, koom nrog kev lag luam, cov koom nrog kev lag luam thiab nqes tes thiab lwm tus neeg tuaj koom ua ke, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov theem ntawm kev lag luam; kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis: cov khoom lag luam yog maj mam txhim kho, thiab kev txhim kho tag nrho kev lag luam tau mus txog theem ntawm teev. Lub chaw pabcuam tshwjxeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm nyob hauv kev lag luam tau pib thawj qauv; kev sib tw ua lag luam yog tsiv heev: muaj ntau lub tuam txhab, ntau dua 1,000, dhau kev dhau los, nqe tsov rog thiab lwm yam kev tsis sib haum; yav tom ntej kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yog loj: lub teb chaws thiab hauv tsoomfwv txoj cai txhawb nqa, me-suab LED tshuab hluav taws xob maj mam loj hlob.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, LED teeb pom kev lag luam txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam muaj ntau dua thiab pom tseeb. Cov kev faib tawm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm LED cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm qee yam xws li kev faib khoom ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig, thiab tsoomfwv cov cai. Lub Pearl River Delta thiab Yangtze River Delta yog ob thaj chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam siab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam LED zaub kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Hauv thaj av Pearl River Delta thaj tsam, Shenzhen yog cov tseem loj ntim LED thiab teeb tsa LED ntau lawm. Txog 70% rau 80% ntawm cov lag luam yog cov concentrated hauv Shenzhen; hauv Yangtze River Delta thaj av, nws muaj "chip-package-application-equipment-" Cov Khoom Siv-Test "yog cov khoom lag luam sib txawv, uas ua kom pom tseeb txog li 10% rau 20% ntawm LED cov chaw tsim khoom. Piv nrog thaj av Pearl River Delta thaj av, qhov tsuam ntxiv yog qhov tsawg. Hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam, cov kev faib tawm hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov sib txawv thiab yuav muaj ntau dua raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cai hauv ib cheeb tsam, xws li Xiamen City, Beijing City, thiab Nanchang City.
Saib xyuas kev ua lag luam tag nrho
Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb xiav ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias kev muag khoom ntawm kev lag luam LED zaub tau hloov pauv maj mam nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Cov qauv muag muag tau maj mam dhau ntawm ib qho qauv mus rau kev ua kom muaj ntau yam. Tom qab xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, LED kev lag luam zaub hauv Suav teb tau maj mam hloov zuj zus los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai mus rau kev loj hlob ruaj khov. Qhov kev loj hlob tau maj mam poob qis, thiab kev lag luam LED zaub tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm hloov. Cov khoom yuav tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog txuag, kev txawj ntse, lub teeb thiab lub ntsej muag, cov ntxaij vijtsam loj-loj, cov lus piav qhia thiab lub siab, thiab ua kom ib txwm los ntawm taw tes los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Nrog LED zaub Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntau dua, kev nkag mus ntawm LED cov ntawv thov yuav txuas ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv kev tswj hwm kev ruaj ntseg thiab xa cov khoom lag luam, kev lag luam zaub lag luam thiab iav ntaub thaiv phab ntsa kev ua lag luam. Lub LED sab nraum zoov tshaj tawm kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab LED theem kev qiv tshuaj ntsuam kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim kho hauv cheeb tsam. , Yuav tog rau cov nroog thib peb- thiab qib plaub.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov me-pitch LED zaub ua lag luam, raws li lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov lag luam LED zaub, coj kev lag luam nkag mus rau tom khw hiav txwv xiav. Nrog rau qhov kev paub tab ntawm qhov me me-pitch LED zaub thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua lag luam, nws daim ntawv thov hauv qhov chaw sab hauv tsev loj-loj splicing Nws tau dhau los ua ntau dua, xws li kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab cov chaw xa khoom, studio, duab cov duab thiab kev tshaj tawm pej xeem. , lub chaw sib tham thiab daim ntawv qhia lub tsev. Nrog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm me-pitch LED zaub thev naus laus zis, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tus nqi yog maj mam txo, thiab kev tshaj xov xwm yuav maj mam tshaj tawm, thaj chaw teeb pom kev zoo thiab lwm qhov chaw sab nraum zoov tau nthuav dav.
Daim ntawv thov scenario kev ua lag luam kev tsom xam
Raws li cov ntawv thov tseeb ntau ntawm LED cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv Suav teb, Phau Ntawv Teev xiav tau faib cov duab LED tso saib cov ntawv thov ua: LED sab nraum zoov tshaj tawm kev lag luam tshuaj ntsuam daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, LED coj mus muag zaub daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam, LED zaub kev tshuaj xyuas kev soj ntsuam thiab xa cov lag luam, LED theem daim ntawv thov tshuaj ntsuam daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam, LED zaub teeb pom kev lag luam daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, LED chaw tsim tshuaj paus npo thov kev ua lag luam, LED iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam, LED zaub TV chaw nres tsheb daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam, LED zaub theatre thov kev lag luam thiab lwm cuaj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm xiav, xyoo 2019, kev lag luam tawm ntawm plaub qhov kev thov tseem ceeb ntawm LED sab nraum zoov kev lag luam tshuaj ntsuam kev lag luam, LED lag luam zaub muag khoom lag luam, LED zaub kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb cov lus txib thiab xa tawm kev ua lag luam, thiab LED theem qev tshuaj ntsuam kev lag luam yog cia siab tias yuav ze rau 80%. Cov kev tswj xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab xa daim iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa yuav loj hlob tuaj yav tom ntej.
Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntawm cuaj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, Phau Ntawv Blue tau pom tias cuaj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam muaj cov qauv sib txawv hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej: LED sab nraum zoov kev tshuaj ntsuam cov ntawv thov tau dav siv thiab paub tab, thiab kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yog qhia txog kev poob qis; LED coj mus muag zaub cov ntawv thov Lub lag luam tso siab rau kev tsim kho lub thev naus laus zis zoo, thiab cov kev lag luam tau loj hlob ntau; cov LED tso saib kev ruaj ntseg saib xyuas cov lus txib thiab tshaj tawm daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tau coj kev lag luam nce ntxiv vim muaj kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev tsim lub nroog ntse; LED theem qiv tshuaj ntsuam daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tau coj cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv khw vim qhov nce hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lom zem ntau ntxiv; Cov lag luam hluav taws xob LED teeb pom daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tsim kho tsis tu ncua, tso siab rau lub teb chaws kom tsim kho cov kev thauj mus los kho vaj tse tsis zoo; cov chaw ntau pob LED lag luam daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, cov cai txhawb nqa hauv tebchaws thiab cov qauv kev tsim kho txhim kho cov ntawv thov; lub LED iav ntaub phab ntsa daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam khoom thiab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau paub tab, thiab yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob yuav muaj zog; Cov LED tso saib TV chaw nres tsheb daim ntawv thov kev lag luam tso siab rau tsoomfwv nyiaj txiag thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob yog qhov txwv ntawm kev lag luam thev naus laus zis; cov LED zaub tso saib daim ntawv thov kev ua lag luam kev ua lag luam yog qhov txwv ntawm kev siv cuab yeej technology thiab tus nqi, thiab nws txoj kev txhim kho yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav.
Kev lis kev cai export xwm txheej
Raws li daim ntawv xiav luam tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai, ntawm qhov xwm txheej tag nrho ntawm kev lis kev cai xa tawm, Tuam Tshoj cov LED zaub xa tawm yuav tsum kov yeej ntau qhov kev nyuaj kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov thiab txhim kho kom zoo, feem ntau txwv los ntawm kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, xws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev loj hlob qeeb, kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam.; Tuam Tshoj tseem tau muab ntau txoj cai tswjfwm rau kev txhawb nqa kev xa tawm, xws li nce se thiab txo tus nqi ntxiv, txo cov nqi koom haum hauv kev ntshuam thiab xa tawm txuas, thiab "Siv Txoj Haujlwm thiab Txoj Kev".
Hais txog cov nplai ntawm LED zaub tso tawm kab lis kev cai xa tawm, Tebchaws Asmeskas, raws li lub teb chaws nrog cov kev lis kev cai loj tshaj plaws kev xa khoom mus ncig, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam LED zaub; kev txaus siab ntawm lub renminbi muaj ntau dua qhov cuam tshuam rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov tuam txhab LED zaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyiaj Asmeskas. Cov lag luam xa tawm ntawm cov lag luam nyob hauv Suav tau tsis kam; tsa los ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm "Siv Txoj Kev thiab Txoj Kev" kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim lub suab me me LED zaub thev naus laus zis, Suav LED cov tuam txhab tso saib cov lag luam nthuav dav lawv cov kev lag luam hauv cov tebchaws tsim xws li Is Nrias teb, Russia, Indonesia, thiab Malaysia. Txhim Kho.
LED ua kom pom kev nthuav dav yav tom ntej
Tom qab kev txheeb xyuas cov lus tshaj tawm saum toj LED teeb pom kev zoo ib puag ncig, cov ntsiab lus kev lag luam thoob plaws, kev muag khoom lag luam, daim ntawv thov kev tsom xam, thiab kev lis kev cai luam tawm qhov xwm txheej, phau ntawv xiav tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam LED zaub, thiab xaus cov lus hauv qab no. : Cov thev naus laus zis yuav mus txuas ntxiv ua ntej, thiab daim ntawv thov kev cia siab yuav raug nthuav dav. Cov cuab yeej siv no suav nrog kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis, tshuab ntim tshuab, tshuab thev naus laus zis, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam; kev tsim kho lub zog ntawm cov lag luam me me suab paj nruag LED lag luam tseem muaj ntau heev, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm LCD / DLP, kev lag luam nthuav dav ntawm cov chaw tso khoom, rooj sib tham video thiab lwm cov teb, thiab cov koob hmoov ntawm tsom iav-dawb 3D, VR thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis; qhov tsis ruaj khov kev tsim kho ntawm Mini LED thiab Micro LED khoom yuav ua tus coj ua kev lag luam tshiab. Hauv 3 mus rau 5 xyoos tom ntej, Mini LED yuav nthuav dav mus rau hauv thaj teb ntawm cov ntawv loj-loj qhia txog Micro LED yuav tsum siv hauv xov tooj ntawm tes, VR, tso tsheb, cov vaj huam sib luag tiaj tiaj thiab lwm cov teb, thiab lub neej yav tom ntej tau cia siab; cov ntxaij vab tshaus pom thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj tau nthuav dav: Nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov nroog ntse thiab hmo ntuj ncig xyuas kev lag luam, cov ntxaij vab tshaus LED pob tshab tuaj yeem siv hauv khw khw. Nws yog dav siv hauv scenes xws li theem, theem thiab khw muag khoom loj. Lub vijtsam tshwj xeeb zoo li no tuaj yeem siv hauv tsev ceev teej, tsev kawm keeb txuj thiab thev naus laus zis, kev hais kwv txhiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-14-2020